. 2019 Oct 3;10:929. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00929

Table 1.

The relative gene expression of selected genes validated by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in the rumen tissue of lambs fed with milk only (B-10), milk and starter diet with alfalfa supplementation (S-ALF), or milk and starter diet without alfalfa supplementation (STA).

Gene	Groups					SEM	P-value¹
Gene	B-10	STA-38	STA-45	S-ALF-38	S-ALF-45	SEM	S38 vs B	S45 vs S38	A38 vs B	A45 vs A38
GPNMB (E-3)	6.10	2.24	11.69	5.18	4.51	1.325	0.027^D	0.043^U	0.462^NS	0.564^N
PDK4 (E-2)	8.62	2.80	8.47	6.23	5.26	1.041	0.050^D	0.021^U	1.000^N	0.149^N
mTOR (E-2)	2.47	2.74	2.62	2.63	3.17	0.223	0.704^N	0.899^N	0.825^N	0.426^N
MAPK6 (E-2)	3.24	10.52	9.46	9.50	6.08	1.096	0.084^NS	0.816^N	0.024^N	0.266^N
LPL (E-2)	4.04	2.61	2.77	1.93	9.73	0.933	0.142^NS	0.773^N	0.027^NS	0.043^NS
IDH2	0.15	0.21	0.26	0.28	0.38	0.025	0.201^N	0.485^N	0.017^N	0.142^N
NME4	0.12	0.16	0.18	0.20	0.22	0.016	0.334^N	0.798^N	0.07^N	0.761^N
ATF4	0.84	1.47	1.58	1.70	1.99	0.147	0.118^N	0.846^N	0.023^N	0.517^N
CAST	0.28	0.32	0.35	0.30	0.48	0.037	1.000^N	0.564^N	0.806^N	0.248^N
APOD	0.23	0.18	0.23	0.22	0.38	0.026	0.462^N	0.248^N	0.462^N	0.043^N
GJA1	0.08	0.22	0.49	0.25	0.18	0.040	0.014^NS	0.149^N	0.050^U	0.248^N
CAV3 (E-3)	0.24	1.22	2.55	2.92	4.80	0.417	0.058^NS	0.151^N	> 0.001^U	0.118^N
NOS2 (E-2)	0.54	1.41	2.55	2.18	1.45	0.267	0.014^NS	0.564^N	0.014^U	0.248^N
RORA (E-2)	1.88	1.77	2.89	1.91	2.02	0.248	0.917^NS	0.077^N	0.980^U	0.840^N
STAC (E-2)	0.46	0.70	1.25	1.21	1.11	0.100	0.225^N	0.141^N	0.003^U	0.692^N
PPARGC1A (E-2)	1.20	1.87	5.69	2.66	5.43	0.560	0.360^N	0.053^U	0.035^U	0.119^N
PRKCB	0.05	0.18	0.35	0.29	0.38	0.043	0.086^N	0.149^N	0.014^U	0.386^N
SMYD1 (E-2)	1.47	2.42	3.92	3.39	3.87	0.358	0.411^NS	0.163^N	0.144^U	0.617^N

¹B = B-10, S38 = STA-38, S45 = STA-45, A38 = S-ALF-38, A45 = S-ALF-45.

^{U,D,NS,and N} Represent the upregulated (with FDR ≤0.05, |log₂fold change| ≥1, and their expressions of all group members within one group consistently numerically higher than the other group), downregulated (with FDR ≤0.05, |log₂fold change| ≥1, and their expressions of all group members within one group consistently numerically lower than the other group), uncertain (with FDR ≤0.05 and |log₂fold change| ≥1 but their expressions of the group members within one group not consistently numerically higher or lower than the other group), and unchanged (with FDR >0.05 or |log₂fold change| < 1) genes of each comparison tested by RNA sequencing. P-values without subscript represent nondifferentially expressed genes of each comparison tested by RNA sequencing.