Table 1.
Demographic and Psychosocial Characteristics of Infant–Mother Dyads (n = 80)
| Characteristic | All | Not EFV-Exposed (n = 14) | EFV-Exposed (n = 66) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mother | |||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 28.97 (5.26) | 30.07 (3.05) | 28.74 (5.61) |
| Educational attainment, No. (%) | |||
| Grade 0–10 | 16 (20.3) | 3 (21.4) | 13 (20.0) |
| Grade 10–11 | 39 (49.4) | 5 (35.7) | 34 (52.3) |
| Grade ≥12 | 24 (30.4) | 6 (42.9) | 18 (27.7) |
| Monthly household income, No. (%) | |||
| <599 Rand (~$44) | 40 (50.6) | 5 (35.7) | 35 (53.8) |
| ≥600 Rand | 39 (49.5) | 9 (64.3) | 30 (46.2) |
| Relationship status, No. (%) | |||
| Unmarried, living separately | 43 (54.4) | 9 (64.4) | 34 (52.3) |
| Unmarried, living together | 26 (32.9) | 4 (28.6) | 22 (33.8) |
| Married, mean (SD) | 10 (12.7) | 1 (7.1) | 9 (13.8) |
| Months since HIV diagnosis | 29.27 (35.41) | 25.89 (31.56) | 18.44 (28.47) |
| Months since ART initiation | 19.76 (28.97) | 27.18 (32.52) | 29.72 (36.22) |
| Antenatal depressive symptoms | 11.91 (5.71) | 11.86 (4.50) | 11.92 (5.97) |
| Antenatal psychological IPV | 3.90 (5.39) | 3.57 (3.20) | 3.97 (5.77) |
| Antenatal physical IPV | 1.19 (2.85) | 0.50 (1.34) | 1.34 (3.07) |
| Infant, mean (SD) | |||
| Age, mo | 13.36 (1.89) | 13.41 (1.16) | 13.34 (2.03) |
| Cognitive | 15.54 (3.44) | 17.43 (3.72) | 15.14 (3.27) |
| Receptive communication | 11.44 (3.13) | 12.14 (3.23) | 11.29 (3.11) |
| Expressive communication | 11.10 (4.27) | 12.29 (4.45) | 10.85 (4.23) |
| Fine motor | 13.16 (3.25) | 14.50 (4.00) | 12.88 (3.03) |
| Gross motor | 14.84 (3.25) | 15.86 (3.57) | 14.62 (3.17) |
Cognitive skills refer to how infants think, react, learn about, and attend to the world around them. Language domains refer to receptive and expressive communication; receptive communication is the recognition of sounds and words, whereas expressive communication refers to the infants’ sounds, gestures, and words in response to familiar and novel stimuli. Fine motor skills include muscle control responses, such as eye movement, as well as reaching and grasping for objects. Gross motor control assesses infants’ head control and completion of tasks requiring sitting upright and crawling [29].
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; EFV, efavirenz; IPV, intimate partner violence.