Table 1.
Demographic, Clinical, and Physical Performance Characteristics in PWH and Association With Falls
| Characteristic | All PWH (n = 50) | Nonfallers (n = 33) | Fallers (n = 17) | P | Effect Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR), y | 36.6 (32.0–45.6) | 35.6 (31.8–43.1) | 44.0 (33.9–51.3) | .087 | r = .242 small |
| Women, No. (%) | 29 (58.0) | 19 (57.6) | 10 (58.8) | .933 | φ = .012 small |
| Time since HIV diagnosis, No. (%) | .873 | φ = 0.118 small | |||
| <2 y | 9 (18.0) | 7 (21.2) | 2 (11.8) | - | - |
| 2–5 y | 16 (32.0) | 10 (30.3) | 6 (35.3) | - | - |
| 5–15 y | 22 (44.0) | 14 (42.4) | 8 (47.1 ) | - | - |
| >15 y | 3 (6.0) | 2 (6.1) | 1 (5.9) | - | - |
| Current CD4+ T-cell count, median (IQR), cells/μL | 442.0 (245.0–675.5) | 465.0 (270.0–685.0) | 394.0 (242.0–558.0) | .582 | r = .078 |
| Detectable HIV-1 RNA (≥50 cp/mL; n = 46), No. (%) | 25 (54.3) | 12 (41.4) | 13 (76.5) | .021 | φ = .340 medium |
| On ART | 45 (90.0) | 29 (87.9) | 16 (94.1) | .486 | φ = .099 |
| ART duration (n = 44), median (IQR), wk | 119.0 (62.0–312.0) | 109.0 (62.0–312.0) | 134.5 (48.0–496.8) | .641 | r = .066 small |
| PI use (n = 45) | 9 (18.0) | 6 (18.2) | 3 (17.6) | .963 | φ = .007 small |
| Non-ART polypharmacy (≥2 non-ART medications), No. (%) | 16 (32.0) | 9 (27.3) | 7 (41.2) | .318 | φ = .141 small |
| Multimorbidity (≥2 comorbidities), No. (%) | 4 (8.0) | 2 (6.1) | 1 (5.9) | .980 | φ = .004 small |
| Current tobacco smoker, No. (%) | 26 (52.0) | 16 (48.5) | 10 (58.8) | .488 | φ = .098 small |
| Alcohol use ≥8 d/mo | 8 (16) | 4 (12.1) | 4 (23.5) | .297 | φ = .147 small |
| Depression/anxiety (n = 48), No. (%) | 12 (25.0) | 6 (18.8) | 6 (37.5) | .157 | φ = .204 small |
| Self-reported function: mobility problems (n = 49), No. (%) | 11 (22.4) | 4 (12.1) | 7 (43.8) | .013 | φ = .355 medium |
| Fear of falling, No. (%) | 10 (20.0) | 3 (9.1) | 7 (41.2) | .007 | φ = .380 medium |
| Previous fracture (n = 44), No. (%) | 13 (29.5) | 5 (16.1) (n = 31) | 8 (61.5) (n = 13) | .003 | φ = .454 medium |
| PPB total score, median (IQR) | 2.4 (2.2–2.7) | 2.4 (2.2–2.7) | 2.5 (1.9–2.8) | .927 | r = .013 small |
| PPB balance ratio score, median (IQR) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | <.001 | r = .508 large |
| PPB 6mW ratio score, mean ± SD | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | .434 | d = .235 small |
| PPB narrow walk ratio score, mean ± SD | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | .299 | d = .315 small |
| PPB chair stand ratio score, median (IQR) | 0.4 (0.4–0.5) | 0.4 (0.4–0.5) | 0.4 (0.3–0.5) | .260 | r = .159 small |
Bold formatting indicates statistical significance at 5%.
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; HIV-1 RNA, viral load; IQR, interquartile range; PPB, Health ABC Physical Performance Battery; PWH, people with HIV-1 infection.