Table 1.
Baseline Demographic and Clinical Characteristics and Outcome Measures for the Overall Cohort
| Category | Overall Cohort | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | IC | IS | P | |
| (n = 227) | (n = 118) | (n = 109) | ||
| Age, median (IQR), y | 62 (49–72) | 67 (54–77) | 58 (48–65) | <.001 |
| Female gender, No. (%) | 106 (46.7) | 46 (39) | 60 (55) | .015 |
| Comorbidities, No. (%) | ||||
| Adipositas | 26 (11.5) | 15 (12.7) | 11 (10.1) | .536 |
| Diabetes | 42 (18.5) | 20 (16.9) | 22 (20.2) | .531 |
| Coronary artery disease | 45 (19.8) | 28 (23.7) | 17 (15.6) | .125 |
| Congestive heart failure | 49 (21.6) | 32 (27.1) | 17 (15.6) | .035 |
| COPD | 25 (11) | 14 (11.9) | 11 (10.1) | .67 |
| Asthma | 12 (5.3) | 5 (4.2) | 7 (6.4) | .462 |
| CF | 3 (1.3) | 1 (0.8) | 2 (1.8) | .515 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 73 (32.2) | 29 (24.6) | 44 (40.4) | .011 |
| Chronic renal replacement therapy | 10 (4.4) | 2 (1.7) | 8 (7.3) | .038 |
| Immunosuppression, No. (%) | 109 (48) | 0 (0) | 109 (100) | <.001 |
| HTX | 1 (0.4) | - | 1 (0.9) | |
| LuTX | 22 (9.7) | - | 22 (20.2) | |
| NTX | 20 (8.8) | - | 20 (18.3) | |
| LTX | 2 (0.9) | - | 2 (0.9) | |
| HSCT | 17 (7.5) | - | 17 (22) | |
| Cancer | 25 (11) | - | 25 (11) | |
| Rheumatoid disease | 21 (9.3) | - | 21 (19.3) | |
| AIDS | 2 (0.9) | - | 2 (1.8) | |
| Steroids baseline, No. (%) | 68 (30) | 1 (0.8) | 67 (61.5) | <.001 |
| Neuraminidase inhibitor, No. (%) | 88 (38.8) | 48 (40.7) | 40 (36.7) | .539 |
| Steroid pulse, No. (%) | 10 (4.4) | 7 (5.9) | 3 (2.8) | .243 |
| Hospital admission, No. (%) | 184 (81.1) | 107 (90.7) | 77 (70.6) | <.001 |
| ICU admission, No. (%) | 35 (15.4) | 27 (22.9) | 8 (7.3) | .001 |
| Invasive ventilation, No. (%) | 28 (12.3) | 23 (19.5) | 5 (4.6) | .001 |
| Norepinephrin, No. (%) | 26 (11.5) | 22 (18.6) | 4 (3.7) | <.001 |
| Renal replacement therapy, No. (%) | 20 (8.8) | 17 (14.4) | 3 (2.8) | .002 |
| Antibiotic treatment, No. (%) | 93 (41) | 49 (41.5) | 44 (40.4) | .859 |
| Pneumonia, No. (%) | 90 (39.6) | 48 (40.7) | 42 (38.5) | .741 |
| Cardiac manifestation, No. (%) | 23 (10.1) | 21 (17.8) | 2 (1.8) | <.001 |
| Aspergillus superinfection, No. (%) | 6 (2.6) | 3 (2.5) | 3 (2.8) | .922 |
| Extracorporeal life support systems, No. (%) | 15 (6.6) | 14 (11.9) | 1 (0.9) | .002 |
| Vv ECMO | 7 (3.1) | 6 (5.1) | 1 (0.9) | .07 |
| Va ECMO | 3 (1.3) | 3 (2.5) | 0 (0) | .094 |
| Impella | 5 (2.2) | 5 (4.2) | 0 (0) | .03 |
| Mortality, No. (%) | 15 (6.6) | 12 (10.2) | 3 (2.8) | .023 |
| ICU mortality, No. (%) | 10 (28.6) | 9 (33.3) | 1 (12.5) | .248 |
Abbreviations: CF, cystic fibrosis; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HSCT, hematopoetic stem cell transplantation; HTX, heart transplantation; IC, immunocompetent patients; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; IS, immunosuppressed patients; LTX, liver transplantation; LuTx, lung transplantation; NTX, kidney transplantation; Va ECMO, veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; Vv ECMO, veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Statistical significant P values are bolded.