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. 2019 Oct 10;50:79. doi: 10.1186/s13567-019-0697-0

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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A model illustrating BEFV-induced autophagy signaling pathways. BEFV triggers autophagy to benefit viral production through either activation of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB or Src/JNK/AP-1 pathways in the early to middle stages of infection (A, B) as well as suppression of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR complex 1 in the late stage of infection (C).