Table 2.
Unadjusted and Adjusted Odds of Fair/Poor Overall Health and Mental Health Among U.S. Children 0–17 Years of Age by Father's Overall Health and Mental Health Status and Sociodemographic Characteristics: The 2011–2012 National Survey of Children's Health
| Covariate | Child in fair/poor overall health unadjusted odds | Child in fair/poor overall health adjusted oddsa | Child in fair/poor mental health unadjusted odds | Child in fair/poor mental health adjusted oddsa | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI | AOR | 95% CI | |
| Father's overall health status | ||||||||
| Fair or poor | 6.49 | 5.06–8.32 | 3.14 | 2.33–4.23 | 2.31 | 1.84–2.89 | 1.48 | 1.11–1.99 |
| Excellent, very good, or good | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
| Father's mental health status | ||||||||
| Fair or poor | 4.81 | 3.59–6.45 | 1.94 | 1.36–2.75 | 3.77 | 2.98–4.76 | 2.64 | 2.00–3.49 |
| Excellent, very good, or good | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
| Child's age, years | ||||||||
| 0–5 | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
| 6–11 | 1.31 | 1.03–1.67 | 1.19 | 0.87–1.62 | 3.17 | 2.47–4.06 | 2.80 | 2.00–3.91 |
| 12–17 | 1.37 | 1.10–1.71 | 1.42 | 1.05–1.91 | 4.45 | 3.49–5.67 | 3.79 | 2.74–5.26 |
| Child's sex | ||||||||
| Male | 1.16 | 0.97–1.39 | 1.18 | 0.93–1.49 | 1.49 | 1.31–1.69 | 1.44 | 1.21–1.71 |
| Female | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
| Non-Hispanic black | 2.58 | 2.06–3.24 | 1.60 | 1.11–2.30 | 0.89 | 0.75–1.07 | 0.54 | 0.40–0.73 |
| Hispanic | 3.77 | 3.07–4.64 | 1.46 | 0.98–2.17 | 0.69 | 0.56–0.86 | 0.78 | 0.56–1.07 |
| Non-Hispanic mixed race | 1.53 | 1.07–2.19 | 1.27 | 0.77–2.09 | 1.21 | 0.97–1.51 | 0.71 | 0.51–0.99 |
| Other | 1.46 | 1.09–1.95 | 1.08 | 0.71–1.64 | 0.47 | 0.36–0.63 | 0.56 | 0.39–0.80 |
| Household composition | ||||||||
| Two-parent biological | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
| Two-parent stepfamily | 1.58 | 1.13–2.20 | 1.39 | 0.94–2.05 | 2.79 | 2.28–3.42 | 2.00 | 1.58–2.52 |
| Single mother | 2.27 | 1.85–2.80 | 2.71 | 2.34–3.14 | ||||
| Other family type | 1.37 | 1.06–1.77 | 0.83 | 0.54–1.29 | 2.74 | 2.22–3.38 | 1.53 | 1.03–2.28 |
| Place of residence | ||||||||
| Metropolitan | 1.05 | 0.87–1.28 | 1.06 | 0.85–1.33 | 1.00 | 0.87–1.14 | 1.35 | 1.13–1.61 |
| Nonmetropolitan | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
| Primary language spoken at home | ||||||||
| English | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
| Any other language | 3.53 | 2.87–4.34 | 1.82 | 1.21–2.73 | 0.41 | 0.29–0.58 | 0.36 | 0.21–0.61 |
| Household/parental education level, years | ||||||||
| <12 | 5.63 | 4.49–7.07 | 1.91 | 1.29–2.84 | 1.21 | 0.96–1.51 | 1.00 | 0.68–1.46 |
| 12 | 2.48 | 2.00–3.08 | 1.46 | 1.07–1.98 | 1.26 | 1.08–1.46 | 0.80 | 0.63–1.01 |
| 12+ | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
| Household poverty status (ratio of family income to poverty threshold) | ||||||||
| Below 100% | 9.29 | 7.30–11.82 | 3.35 | 2.28–4.93 | 2.35 | 1.98–2.78 | 2.91 | 2.22–3.83 |
| 100–199% | 4.55 | 3.41–6.07 | 2.23 | 1.55–3.20 | 1.69 | 1.42–2.01 | 1.86 | 1.45–2.38 |
| 200–399% | 2.54 | 1.88–3.42 | 2.38 | 1.65–3.43 | 1.29–1.07 | 1.55–1.31 | 1.04–1.64 | |
| At or above | 400% | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 |
a
Adjusted by multiple logistic regression for father's overall and mental health status, child's age, sex, race/ethnicity, household language use, household composition, metropolitan/nonmetropolitan residence, parental education, and household poverty status.
AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.