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. 2019 Oct 3;19(10):1230–1262. doi: 10.1089/ast.2018.1960

FIG. 4.

FIG. 4.

Present understanding of rock-hosted life over time. The currently recognized biosignatures of rock-hosted life from Table 1 are plotted as a function of time along with the timing of development of microbial metabolisms from molecular clock techniques, as discussed in the text. Earth's geologic timescale, Earth's oxidation, and the era of surface stability of water on Mars are also shown.