Table 1.

Studies on depression and anxiety in deaf adults

Year	Authors	Depression criteria	Measure	Language	N	Location	Data collection
2017	Kushalnagar, Bruce, Sutton, & Leigh	Symptomatology	BDI	ASLa & English	143	USA	2013–2014
2014	Li, Zhang, & Hoffman	Symptomatology	PHQ-9	English	3,975	USA	2005–2010
2008	Friedman	Symptomatology	BDI	English	126	USA	n/a
2007	Kvam, Loeb, & Tambs	Symptomatology	3 items: SCL-5	NSLb & English	431	Norway	2001
1998	Mulcahy	Symptomatology	BDI-R	ASL & English	50	USA	n/a
1991	Marcus	Symptomatology	BDI; MMPI	ASL & English	129	USA	1985
1989	Leigh, Robins, Welkowitz, & Bond	Symptomatology	BDI	English	102	USA	n/a
2013	Diaz, Landsberger, Povlinski, Sheward, Schulley	Diagnostic	DSM	ASL	241	USA	2002–2010
2010	Landsberger & Diaz	Diagnostic	DSM	ASL	30	USA	1998–2008
2006	Black & Glickman	Diagnostic	DSM	ASL	64	USA	1994–2004
1994	Pollard	Diagnostic	DSM	Unreported	544	USA	1986–1991
Year	Authors	Anxiety criteria		Language	N	Location	Data Collection
2007	Durham	Symptomatology	BAI	English	50	USA	n/a
2005	Fellinger, Holzinger, Dobner, Gerich, Lehner	Symptomatology	GHQ-12, BSI-5 scales	German	236	Austria	2002–2003

^aASL = American Sign Language.

^bNSL = Norwegian Sign Language.