Table 1. Seminal publications leading to Nobel Prizes in Physiology or Medicine and their clinical citations.

Topic	Prize year	Publication date	PMID1	Total citations	RCR2	RCR percentile3	Citations by clinical articles
Immunotherapy	2018	1996	8596936	1,126	19.2	99.7	48
Circadian rhythms	2017	April 1984	16593450	82	2.1	76.3	0
		October 1984	6435882	149	3.8	89.9	0
		December 1984	6094014	96	2.2	77.6	0
		December 1984	6440029	135	3.3	87.4	0
Autophagy	2016	1992	1400575	523	13.5	99.0	1
Treatment of parasitic diseases	2015	1979	464563	132	6.6	96.1	7
Positioning system in the brain	2014	1971	5124915	1,773	60.4	99.9	14
Vesicle trafficking	2013	1993	8455717	1,776	51.6	99.9	1
Reprogramming mature cells to pluripotency	2012	2007	18035408	7,890	238.8	99.9	17
Activation of the immune system	2011	1998	9851930	3,976	113.4	99.9	21
In vitro fertilization	2010	1978	79723	680	34.4	99.8	33
Telomeres and telomerase	2009	1978	642006	407	10.9	98.5	2
HPV/cervical cancer and HIV/AIDS	2008	1983	6304740	913	31.5	99.8	8
		1983	6189183	2,849	102.4	99.9	32
Introducing specific gene modifications in mice	2007	1987	2822260	1,180	30.0	99.8	1
RNA interference	2006	1998	9486653	6,500	163.5	99.9	7
Helicobacter pylori and ulcers	2005	1984	6145023	2,285	95.8	99.9	100
Olfactory biology	2004	1991	1840504	1,953	60.2	99.9	14
MRI	2003	1984	6571566	232	14.0	99.1	7
Genetic regulation of organ development and apoptosis	2002	1977	838129	1,511	33.0	99.8	1
Regulators of the cell cycle	2001	1987	3553962	576	14.7	99.2	2
Signal transduction in the nervous system	2000	1958	13529006	237	9.6	98.1	4
Protein transport	1999	1975	811671	1,678	57.9	99.9	1
Nitric oxide signals in the cardiovascular system	1998	1980	6253831	5,824	330.2	99.9	159
Prions	1997	1982	6801762	2,349	77.5	99.9	5
Cell-mediated immune defense	1996	1974	4133807	1,003	29.6	99.8	4
Genetic control of early embryonic development	1995	1980	6776413	1,701	42.0	99.9	2

¹Identification number assigned to each article indexed in PubMed.

²A field- and time-normalized measure of article influence [18].

³Percentile rank based on RCR values of NIH-funded articles.

Abbreviations: HPV, human papilloma virus; PMID, PubMed Identifier; RCR, Relative Citation Ratio