Risk of bias |
Interpretation |
Within a study |
Across studies |
Low risk of bias. |
Plausible bias unlikely to alter the results seriously. |
Low risk of bias for all key domains. |
Most information is from studies at low risk of bias. |
Unclear risk of bias. |
Plausible bias that raises some doubt about the results. |
Unclear risk of bias for one or more key domains. |
Most information is from studies at low or unclear risk of bias. |
High risk of bias. |
Plausible bias that seriously weakens confidence in the results. |
High risk of bias for one or more key domains. |
The proportion of information from studies at high risk of bias is sufficient to affect the interpretation of results. |