Table 3.

Adjusted estimates of the relationship between the fee bump and intiation of prenatal care in the first trimester among Medicaid-insured women in 37 states (n=6,214,618)

		By Race and Ethnicity
	All	White, Non-Hispanic	Black, Non-Hispanic	Other, Non-Hispanic	Hispanic
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)
Panel A. All States in Analytical Sample
Large fee bump
states × Post
OR	1.02	1.02	1.09*	1.03	0.94
95% CI	(0.94, 1.11)	(0.93, 1.11)	(1.02, 1.17)	(0.95, 1.13)	(0.86, 1.02)
Mean of
Dependent Var	0.65	0.67	0.60	0.63	0.67
N	6,214,618	2,383,501	1,267,105	367,107	2,196,905
Panel B. States without Medicaid Expansion by 2014
Large fee bump
states × Post
OR	1.04	1.04	1.13*	0.93	0.93
95% CI	(0.97, 1.11)	(0.98, 1.10)	(1.03, 1.24)	(0.83,1.04)	(0.85, 1.03)
Mean of
Dependent Var	0.61	0.65	0.58	0.56	0.59
N	2,783,603	1,142,940	697,871	115,837	826,955

Notes: Unit of observation is individual birth. Cluster-robust standard errors in parentheses, clustered by state in Panel A and by county in Panel B. All regressions control for mother, county and state characteristics in Table 1, as well as year-month and state fixed effects.

^*p<0.05,

^**p<0.01.