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. 2018 Jun 11;4(7):473–484. doi: 10.1038/s41477-018-0166-1

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a, The R. chinensis variety ‘Old Blush’ painted by Redouté in 1817. Paul Fearn/Alamy Stock Photo. b, A flower from the R. chinensis variety ‘Old Blush’. c, A cross-section of the floral stage used for the anther culture. d, DAPI staining on mid-to-late uninucleate microspores. Similar results were observed on more than 15 microspores in one experiment. e, The HapOB callus was obtained after the anther culture at the appropriate stage and used for genome sequencing.