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. 2019 Oct 10;9:14569. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51270-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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p21 mediates the effects of BMP4 as an anti-proliferative and cytoprotective signal in glioblastoma. All experiments were performed using the U251 glioblastoma cell line. (A) Western blot analysis for p21 following treatment with BMP4. (B) Luciferase assay using a p21 promoter reporter in U251 cells with and without treatment with BMP4 (n = 3). (C) Cell proliferation as measured by BrdU incorporation in U251 cells treated with siRNA against p21 with or without BMP4 (n = 3). (D) Cell proliferation as measured by BrdU incorporation in U251 cells transduced with a p21 overexpression vector and treated with BMP4 or TGF-β1 (n = 3). (E) Western blot analysis for Stat3 following immunoprecipitation for p21 in U251 cells following treatment with BMP4 with or without sterigomatocystin. (F) IC50 curves for temozolomide in U251 cells treated with BMP and scrambled siRNA or BMP and p21 siRNA, compared to scrambled siRNA alone (n = 3).