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. 2019 Oct 10;9:14515. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51078-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Morphological evaluation of ex vivo eccentric contraction (EC)-induced skeletal muscle damage model. (A,B) Hematoxylin and eosin staining testifying the normal structure of control muscles and the presence of tissue damages in EC-injured muscles. Higher magnifications of the boxed areas are shown in the insets. Note Z-disc smearing/streaming and focal loss of myofilaments in EC muscles. (C,D) Semithin sections of control and EC-injured muscle samples stained with toluidine blue and observed by light microscopy confirming the substantial EC-induced structural abnormalities. (D) Swollen and round-shaped myofibers and intramyofiber and interstitial edema are evident in EC-injured samples. (E-H) Ultrathin sections of control and EC-damaged muscle samples stained with UranyLess and bismuth subnitrate solutions and examined by TEM. (F,H) EC-injured myofibers exhibit an evident disorganization of sarcomere structures and Z-disc disruption (arrows), as well as swollen mitochondria with disarranged or even missing cristae (asterisks). Images are representative of at least 6 sections from each of 5 control and 5 EC-injured muscles.