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. 2019 Oct 10;9:14647. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-50690-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Force inference in the Drosophila retina. (A) The four cone cells of a WT ommatidium. The image results from an average over N = 51 ommatidia. Scale bar: 5 μm. (B) Segmented version of (A), and nomenclature of the junction types: EN|EN junctions in blue, E|E in green, and EN|E in red. (C) Map of inferred tensions. (D) Mean inferred tension vs. mean recoil velocity for each junction type (EN|EN: N = 19, E|E: N = 16, EN|E: N = 22). (E) Five different mutant configurations generated from the mosaic experiments. WT cells are in purple. Starred cells do not express N-Cad. This only affects cone cells, as surrounding cells do not express N-Cad. Scale bar: 5 μm. (F) Pattern of junction types for each configuration. (G) Map of inferred tension in a single ommatidium for each configuration. (H) Average inferred tension for each junction type in each configuration (statistical tests at the bottom pull the five mutant configurations together).