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. 2019 Oct 10;9:14618. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51039-6

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) Independent clocking and (b) parallel clocking scheme. (a) In the independent clocking scheme, each functional block has an independent set of clocks, which can be applied at any time to perform the function. In this way, each functional block is aligned so that there is no idle time, however, an increased number of clocks and drivers are required. Approach (b) uses the same set of clock signals to drive all memristive switches for the multi-bit addition. The first eight steps and last seven steps are driven across all function blocks simultaneously. This approach is able to compute the multi-bit full addition in the same number of steps while significantly reducing the number of clock signals required due to parallel control of multiple function blocks.