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. 2019 Oct 4;10:981. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00981

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Copyright © 2019 Hannah-Shmouni, MacNeil, Brady, Nilsson and Tarnopolsky.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Oxidative damage of subsarcolemmal mitochondria in vastus lateralis muscle. 4-HNE levels of subsarcolemmal mitochondria isolated from vastus lateralis were normalized to total protein (Ponceau S) and presented as a percentage of healthy, gender, and age-matched controls (N = 2). Solid gray line indicates normal 4-HNE levels (e.g., control mean is 100%) and dashed lines are bidirectional standard errors calculated from the absolute values, control mean, and N. The samples are not biological replicates per se since each lane is a unique subject, and the standard error of the mean for the healthy controls is what is reflected in the lines to use as a comparison to the patient.