Table 1.
Summary of toxicological effects of different nanoparticles.
| Types of nanoparticles | Toxicological effect | References |
|---|---|---|
| PLGA | Generally low cytotoxicity. No inflammatory response in mice. | Makadia, H.K., and Siegel, S.J. Polymers (Basel) 2011, 3, 1377–97 Aragao-Santiago, L. et al. Nanotoxicology 2016, 10, 292–302 |
| Polycaprolactone | No cytotoxicity or histopathological lesions in mice. | Bansal, V. et al. Vaccine 2015, 33, 5623–32 |
| Polyacrylate | No inflammation and cytotoxicity after intranasal or topical administration in a murine model. | Ren, H., and Huang, X. European Respiratory Journal 2010, 36, 218–21 Turos, E. et al. Nanomedicine 2009, 5, 46–54 |
| Liposomal | No side effects. | Huwyler, J., Drewe, J., Krahenbuhl, S. International Journal of Nanomedicine 2008, 3, 21–9 |
| Chitosan | Induce malformations, cytotoxicity, and physiological stress in zebra fish embryos. Toxic to mice embryos. |
Hu, Y.L. et al. International Journal of Nanomedicine 2011, 6, 3351–9 Park, M.-R. et al. Biology of Reproduction 2013, 88, 1–13 |
| Silica | Moderate toxicity to lungs, kidneys, liver, and brain depending on the route of administration in mice. | Murugadoss, S. et al. Archives of Toxicology 2017, 91, 2967–3010 |
| Silver | Histopathological lesions and cytotoxicity in mice. Inflammatory response and accumulation of the nanoparticles in several tissues in rats. |
Cho, Y.-M. et al. Journal of Toxicological Pathology 2018, 31, 73–80 Recordati, C. et al. Particle and Fibre Toxicology 2016, 13, article number 12 |
| Gold | Inflammatory response in mice and rats. | Bahamonde, J. et al. Toxicologic Pathology 2018, 46, 431–43 |
| Copper | Important toxicity toward kidney, liver, and spleen in mice. | Chen, Z. et al. Toxicology Letters 2006, 163, 109–20 Lee, I.-C. et al. International Journal of Nanomedicine 2016, 11, 2883–900 |
| Iron oxide | Histopathological lesions in liver and spleen in mice. | Feng, Q. et al. Scientific Reports 2018, 8, article number 2082 |
| TiO2 | Toxic to liver and brain of mice. Adverse effect on mouse embryos. |
Jia, X. et al. Nanoscale Research Letters 2017, 12, article number 478 |
| ZnO | Inflammation and damages to different tissues dependent on the mode of administration in mice or rats. | Gao, L. et al. Journal of Applied Toxicology 2013, 33,1079–88 Wang, D. et al. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health 2017, 23, 11–19 |