Table 2.
Synthesis of the results of studies that evaluate the acute effect of combined aerobic exercise and blood flow restriction on neuromuscular variables in young adult and elderly subjects.
| References | Subjects | Variable | Exercise protocol | Intensity/requency of training/uration of study | Exercise volume | Interval |
PADE
(mmHg) |
BFR between sets | SW(cm) | Results | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EX | FE | VE | Sets or continuous | Repetitions or duration time | |||||||||
| Abe et al., 2006 | 18 Men healthy adults |
GH, MH, FM | WALK | TREADMILL | 50 m/min | 2× day/6× week/weeks | 5 Sets | 2 | 1 min | 120–200 | Yes | 5.0 | ↑GH, MH and MS for the group with BFR compared to CG |
| Abe et al., 2010b | 19 Elderly men and women | MS, MH, FC | WALK | TREADMILL | 67 m/min | 5× weeks/6 weeks | Continuous | 20 min | – | 160–200 | Yes | - | ↑ MS, MH, HR in the group with BFR compared to CON |
| Abe et al., 2010b | 19 Young men | HM | CYC | CYCLE | – | 40% VO2max 3× week/8 weeks | Continuous | 15 min with BFR 45 min CON |
– | 160–210 | Yes | - | ↑ TM in the group with BFR |
| Ozaki et al., 2010 | 23 Sedentary men and women | MH, FM | WALK | TREADMILL | – | 40% HRmax /4× week/10 weeks | Continuous | 20 min | – | 120–200 | Yes | 5.0 | ↑ Strength and muscular hypertrophy in the group with BFR |
| Sakamaki et al., 2011 | 17 Healthy men | MH | WALK | TREADMILL | 50 m/min | 2× day/6× week/3 weeks | 5 Sets | 2 min | 1 min | 160–230 | Yes | – | ↑ in muscle area in the group with BFR |
| Keramidas et al., 2012 | 20 Young men and women | Muscular Adaptation | CYC | CYCLE | – | 3× week/6 weeks | 3 Sets | 2 min/2 min/6 min | – | 90 | No | – | BFR training induces peripheral muscle adaptation |
| Ozaki et al., 2014 | 6 Healthy men | ERK1/2, MTOR, P38. MAPK, AkT, S6K1 | WALK | TREADMILL | 100 m/min | WALK + BFR WALK |
Continuous | 20 min | – | 240 | Yes | 5.0 | ↑ Activation of intracellular signaling pathways |
| Kim et al., 2015 | 10 Men | Muscular activation | CYC | CYCLE | 50–60 rpm | HI VO2max
LI + 40%BFR LI + 60%BFR CON |
Continuous | HI−14 minLI + 40%BFR−28 minLI + 60%BFR- 30 min | – | 50–210 | Yes | 5.0 | ↑ muscle strees with high intensity exercise |
| de Oliveira et al., 2015 | 37 young adults | MS | CYC | CYCLE | – | 3× week/4 weeks | 2 Sets of 5 to 8 reps | 2 min | 1 min/reps and 5 min/sets | 140–200 | No | 18 | ↑ of MS in the group with BFR |
| Ozaki et al., 2015 | 7 Elderly men | GH and MH | WALK | TREADMILL | – | 45% HRres with and without BFR | Continuous | 20 min | – | 50–200 | 5.0 | No correlation between GH and MH. | |
| Kim et al., 2016 | 31 Healthy men | MS, MH | CYC | CYCLE | – | 3× week/6 weeks | Continuous | 20 min | – | 120–180 | Yes | – | No difference between groups |
| Clarkson et al., 2017 | 19 Men and women | FC | WALK | CIRCUIT | 4 km/h | 4× week/6 weeks | Continuous | 10 min | – | 60% of BFR max | Yes | 10.5 | ↑ in FC in the group with BFR |
BFR, blood flow restriction; EX, exercise; FE, form of execution; VE, velocity of execution; WALK, walking; CYC, cycling; RUN, running; CYCLE, cycle ergometer; min, minutes; s, seconds; CON, Control; PADE, pressure applied during exercise; SW, sleeve width; –, Not informed; ↑, significant increase; LI + BFR, low intensity combined with blood flow restriction; LI, low intensity; HI, High intensity. GH, Growth Hormone; MDF, Maximum Dynamic Force; HR, Heart Rate; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; MAPK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase; GH, Growth Hormone; MH, Muscle hypertrophy; FC, Functional Capacity; MS, muscle strength; HI, High Intensity; REPS, Repetitions.