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. 2019 Oct 4;10:2198. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02198

FIGURE 6.

FIGURE 6

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and monocyte inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) in BAL following tracheal inoculation of PBS, and increasing inoculum (106, 107 and 108 CFU) of live and inactivated S. haemolyticus. Data are expressed as median values, interquartile 25th–75th range and extreme values (>2 SD). Twelve hours following tracheal inoculation of live S. haemolyticus, alveolar levels of TNF-α and MIP-2 significantly increased with the inoculum (Kruskal–Wallis p = 0.0002 for TNF-α and p = 0.004 for MIP-2; ∗ and ‡ indicate p < 0.05 for 108 CFU versus PBS and 106 CFU). Thirty-six hours following inoculation, alveolar levels of TNF-α and MIP-2 remained significantly elevated in mice that received the 108 CFU (Kruskal–Wallis p = 0.0012 for TNF-α and p < 10–4 for MIP-2; †† and ╪╪ indicate p < 0.05 for 108 CFU versus PBS and 106 CFU; †indicates p = 0.03 for 107 versus 106 CFU and ╪ indicates p < 0.05 for 107 versus PBS and 106 CFU). However, both cytokine levels were significantly lower than levels measured 12 h following inoculation of 108 CFU S. haemolyticus (p < 10–4 for TNF-α and MIP2 alveolar levels at 12 h versus 36 h). Thirty-six hours following tracheal inoculation of 108 CFU inactivated S. haemolyticus, BAL TNF-α and MIP-2 significantly increased with the inoculum (Kruskal–Wallis p = 0.0086 for TNF-α and p = 0.0013 for MIP-2; ο indicate p < 0.05 for 108 versus 107 and 106 CFU; οο indicate p < 0.05 for 108 versus 107 and 106 CFU, and PBS).