Table 1. Articles utilized in study including measure of outcome and reported complications.
| First author | Year | Type of study | Sample size | Complications observed | Outcome measure | Mean reduction in VAS at follow-up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yang | 2018 | Prospective cohort | 45 | Cement leakage | VAS | 5.0 |
| Frey | 2017 | Prospective cohort | 210 | Cement leakage, S1 radicular pain | VAS | 4.7 |
| Andresen | 2017 | Prospective cohort | 23 | Cement leakage, pneumonia | VAS | 5.6 |
| Heo | 2017 | Retrospective cohort | 68 | None | VAS | 6.2 |
| Andresen | 2017 | Prospective cohort | 40 | None | VAS, FDS | 6.6 |
| Choi | 2017 | Prospective cohort | 17 | Cement leakage | VAS | 4.3 |
| Prokop | 2016 | Case series | 46 | Cement leakage | VAS, ODI | 6.2 |
| Onen | 2015 | Retrospective cohort | 15 | Cement leakage | VAS | 5.9 |
| Andresen | 2015 | Retrospective cohort | 20 | Unknown | VAS | 6.7 |
| Moussazadeh | 2015 | Retrospective cohort | 25 | Repeat procedures, cement leakage | VAS | 4.1 |
| Hasan | 2015 | Case series | 8 | None | VAS | 5.6 |
| Gupta | 2014 | Retrospective cohort | 53 | Vertebral augmentation | VAS, FMS | 9.5 |
| Talmadge | 2014 | Prospective cohort | 18 | None | VAS | 7.0 |
| Andresen | 2013 | Prospective cohort | 10 | Unknown | VAS | 6.4 |
| Eichler | 2013 | Prospective cohort | 12 | None | VAS | 6.0 |
| Pereira | 2013 | Retrospective cohort | 58 | Cement leakage | VAS | 3.1 |
| Dougherty | 2013 | Retrospective cohort | 57 | Cement leakage | Numeric pain scale | N/A |
| Klingler | 2013 | Case series | 4 | Cement leakage | VAS | 7.0 |
| Kortman | 2012 | Retrospective cohort | 243 | Cement leakage | VAS | 6.4 |
| Shah | 2012 | Case series | 11 | None | Numeric pain scale | N/A |
| Trouvin | 2012 | Retrospective cohort | 6 | Unknown | VAS | 7.6 |
| Naderi | 2012 | Case series | 3 | None | VAS | 6.2 |
| Kang | 2009 | Retrospective cohort | 5 | Compression fracture | Numeric pain scale | N/A |
| Kamel | 2009 | Case series | 19 | None | VAS | 6.4 |
| Kang | 2009 | Case series | 8 | Persistent pain requiring reoperation | VAS | Not reported |
| Frey | 2008 | Prospective cohort | 52 | S1 radicular pain | VAS | 4.7 |
| Whitlow | 2007 | Case series | 12 | Unknown | Questionnaire | N/A |
| Frey | 2007 | Prospective cohort | 37 | S1 radicular pain | VAS | 7.0 |
| Strub | 2007 | Case series | 13 | None | VAS | Not reported |
| Butler | 2004 | Case series | 4 | Cement leakage | Subjective | N/A |
| Pommersheim | 2003 | Case series | 3 | None | Subjective | N/A |
VAS, visual analog scale; ODI, Oswestry disability index; FMS, functional mobility scale.