Table 6. Risk factors for any complication in patients undergoing surgery for tethered cord.

Operative factors	Any complication	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
		Chi-square test	t-test		Odds ratio (95% confidence interval)	P value
Sex		0.0024			1.520 (1.186–1.948)	0.0009
Female	180 (9.4%)
Male	118 (6.7%)
Use of operating microscope		0.0013			1.320 (1.020–1.708)	0.0351
Microscope used	105 (10.5%)
Microscope not used	193 (7.2%)
Race		0.0229
White	221 (7.6%)
Black or African American	29 (9.8%)
Asian	20 (14.5%)
Other/unknown	28 (8.0%)
Hispanic ethnicity		0.9924
Yes	45 (8.1%)
No	244 (8.1%)
Unknown	9 (8.4%)
Age (days)			0.1383
Mean age of patients with complication	2,265.1
Mean age of patients with no complication	2,108.9
Total length of operation (minutes)			<0.0001		1.006 (1.004–1.007)	<0.0001
Mean length of operation of patients with complication	146.3
Mean length of operation of patients with no complication	97.6
ASA class		<0.0001			1.330 (1.018–1.738)	0.0365
1–2	176 (6.9%)
3–4	122 (10.7%)
Asthma		0.2778
Yes	19 (6.4%)
No	279 (8.2%)
Structural pulmonary/airway abnormality		0.1121
Yes	23 (11.0%)
No	275 (7.9%)
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/chronic lung disease		0.6521
Yes	8 (9.4%)
No	290 (8.1%)
Oxygen support		0.3078
Yes	6 (12.0%)
No	292 (8.0%)
Ventilator dependence		0.1780
Yes	5 (15.6%)
No	293 (8.0%)
Esophageal/gastric/intestinal disease		0.3462
Yes	61 (9.0%)
No	237 (7.9%)
Previous cardiac surgery		0.8606
Yes	18 (8.4%)
No	280 (8.1%)
Developmental delay/impaired cognitive status		0.0597
Yes	93 (9.5%)
No	205 (7.6%)
Seizure disorder		0.1151
Yes	20 (11.2%)
No	278 (7.9%)
Cerebral palsy		0.6906
Yes	9 (7.1%)
No	289 (8.1%)
Neuromuscular disorder		0.0002			1.314 (0.939–1.837)	0.1112
Yes	55 (12.7%)
No	243 (7.5%)
Steroid use		0.2408
Yes	5 (12.8%)
No	293 (8.0%)
Nutritional support		0.0181			1.515 (0.923–2.488)	0.1003
Yes	23 (12.8%)
No	275 (7.9%)
Hematologic disorder		0.5263
Yes	6 (10.3%)
No	292 (8.1%)