Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients with and without polypharmacy
| Total (n = 131) | Polypharmacy |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| no (n = 88) | yes (n = 43) | p value | ||
| MMSE score | 27.1±2.6 | 27.8±2.6 | 25.8±2.3 | <0.001 |
| Age, years | 69.8±8.2 | 67.7±7.9 | 74.3±6.9 | <0.001 |
| Males | 61 (46.6) | 41 (46.6) | 20 (46.5) | 1.00 |
| Education | ||||
| 0–9 years | 46 (35.1) | 23 (26.1) | 23 (53.5) | 0.008 |
| 10–12 years | 59 (45.0) | 46 (52.3) | 13 (30.2) | |
| ≥13 years | 26 (19.8) | 19 (21.6) | 7 (16.3) | |
| Social history | ||||
| Alcohol drinking habits | 41 (31.3) | 27 (30.7) | 14 (32.6) | 0.99 |
| Smoking | 24 (18.3) | 14 (15.9) | 10 (23.3) | 0.44 |
| Medical history | ||||
| Hypertension | 60 (45.8) | 31 (35.2) | 29 (67.4) | 0.001 |
| Diabetes | 19 (14.5) | 11 (12.5) | 8 (18.6) | 0.50 |
| Dyslipidemia | 28 (21.4) | 16 (18.2) | 12 (27.9) | 0.30 |
| IHD | 6 (4.6) | 1 (1.1) | 5 (11.6) | 0.02 |
| Stroke | 8 (6.1) | 4 (4.5) | 4 (9.3) | 0.50 |
| PD | ||||
| Disease duration, months | 20.2±14.7 | 19.7±14.7 | 21.1±14.7 | 0.62 |
| Motor subtype | ||||
| Tremor-dominant | 40 (30.5) | 30 (34.1) | 10 (23.3) | 0.25 |
| Akinetic-rigid | 78 (49.5) | 48 (54.5) | 30 (69.8) | |
| Mixed | 13 (9.9) | 10 (11.4) | 3 (7.0) | |
| Hohen and Yahr scale | ||||
| 1 | 23 (17.6) | 17 (19.3) | 6 (14.0) | 0.08 |
| 2 | 58 (44.3) | 43 (48.9) | 15 (34.9) | |
| 3 | 39 (29.8) | 24 (27.3) | 15 (34.9) | |
| 4 | 9 (6.9) | 4 (4.5) | 5 (11.6) | |
| 5 | 2 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 2 (4.7) | |
| Depressive state | 19 (14.5) | 14 (15.9) | 5 (11.6) | 0.70 |
| Orthostatic hypotension | 39 (29.8) | 28 (31.8) | 11 (25.6) | 0.60 |
| Olfactory dysfunction | 41 (31.3) | 30 (34.1) | 11 (25.6) | 0.43 |
| RBD | 67 (51.1) | 39 (44.3) | 28 (65.1) | 0.04 |
Values are presented as means ± SD or numbers (%). IHD, ischemic heart disease.