Table 3.
Demographic, social, and clinical characteristics of the PwD and comparison of the FES-I scores in relation to the characteristic variables
| Variable | Patients | FES-I score | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | |||
| Age (range 60–97), years | |||
| <75 | 69 (24.5) | 27.88±11.88 | 0.003a |
| ≥75 | 213 (75.5) | 33.35±15.43 | |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 105 (37.2) | 28.51±13.13 | 0.001a |
| Female | 177 (62.8) | 34.08±15.39 | |
| Education | –0.161b | 0.007 | |
| Living arrangement | |||
| Living alone | 100 (35.5) | 36.70±15.64 | 0.0001a |
| Other | 182 (64.5) | 29.43±13.71 | |
| Social participation (frequency of social activities) | |||
| Going out to a social event | |||
| 30 or more days ago | 127 (45.0) | 30.28±14.50 | 0.075a |
| Within the last 30 days | 155 (55.0) | 33.43±14.96 | |
| Visiting relatives/friends | |||
| 7 or more days ago | 61 (21.6) | 3.89±15.32 | 0.265a |
| Within the last 7 days | 221 (78.4) | 31.49±14.66 | |
| Phone call to relatives/friends | |||
| 3 or more days ago | 126 (44.7) | 35.17±15.66 | 0.001a |
| Within the last 3 days | 156 (55.3) | 29.46±13.61 | |
| Daytime spent alone, h | |||
| <8 | 197 (69.9) | 33.25±14.75 | 0.032a |
| ≥8 | 85 (30.1) | 29.13±14.66 | |
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| Use of walking aids | |||
| No | 183 (64.9) | 27.02±12.18 | <0.0001a |
| Yes | 99 (35.1) | 41.24±14.85 | |
| Hearing impairment | |||
| None/minimal | 243 (83.2) | 31.00±14.34 | 0.004a |
| Moderate/severe | 39 (13.8) | 38.31±16.30 | |
| Visual impairment | |||
| None/minimal | 234 (83.0) | 30.47±14.44 | <0.0001a |
| Moderate/severe | 48 (17.0) | 39.52±14.41 | |
The total number of patients was 282. Values are presented as means ± SD or numbers (%).
a
Independent samples t test
b
Spearman's correlation coefficient.