Table 5.
Robustness check-effect of ECD on family consumption and workforce participation in China. (Unit: CNY per family member).
| Outcome Index | Matched-Family (by Nearest Neighbor) | Matched-Family (by Stratification) | Excluding Family with Death (by Nearest Neighbor) | Excluding Family with 1% Most Expensive ECD Cases (by Nearest Neighbor) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Household Consumption | ||||
| Inpatient OP expenditure (1 year) | 4403.95 (<0.01) | 4401.53 (<0.01) | 3942.24 (<0.01) | 3534.73 (<0.01) |
| Outpatient OP expenditure (15 days) | 82.15 (<0.01) | 76.32 (<0.01) | 85.43 (<0.01) | 59.51 (<0.01) |
| Outpatient OP expenditure on non-major health conditions (15 days) | −17.53 (<0.04) | −21.82 (<0.01) | −19.02 (<0.01) | −29.98 (<0.01) |
| Outpatient OP expenditure for members without ECD (15 days) | −19.16 (<0.05) | −24.95 (<0.01) | −29.89 (<0.01) | −19.94 (<0.01) |
| Non-medical consumption expenditure (15 days) | −17.91 (0.507) | −37.27 (0.095) | −45.23 (0.089) | −38.16 (0.166) |
| PCT of borrowing or selling assets to finance inpatient care (1 year) | 0.172 (<0.01) | 0.168 (<0.01) | 0.156 (<0.01) | 0.138 (<0.01) |
| PCT of borrowing/selling assets to finance outpatient care (15 days) | 0.029 (0.01) | 0.033 (<0.01) | 0.036 (<0.01) | 0.021 (<0.073) |
| Workforce Participation | ||||
| PCT of family members aged 45+ who are working | −0.51 (0.683) | −1.78 (0.051) | −2.42 (0.088) | −2.03 (0.127) |
| PCT of family members without ECD aged 45+ who are working | 3.61 (0.018) | 2.32 (0.052) | 2.22(0.174) | 2.05 (0.168) |
Notes: CNY = China Yuan, OP = Out-of-pocket. Robustness check refers to propensity-score matching that included hospitalization. CNY = Indian Rupees. Values in parentheses refer to p-values that the matched ECD-affected and control outcomes differ in a two-tailed test. ‘Non-major’ health conditions refer to conditions other than cancer, heart disease, stroke, injuries and diabetes.