Table 1.
Similarities and differences between animal models and human ovarian cancer (partially based on the work of [9]).
| Features | Human | Fruit Fly | Clawed Frog | Mouse | Laying Hen | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anatomic | Ovaries (number) | + (2) | + (2) | + (2) | + (2) | + (1) |
| Fallopian tubes (number) | + (2) | + (1) | + (2) | + (2) | + (1) | |
| Fallopian tube fimbriae | + | − | − | + | − | |
| Ovarian bursa | − | − | − | + | − | |
| Uterus | + | + | − 1 | + | + 2 | |
| Histological | Endometriosis | + | − | − | − 3 | − |
| Physiological | Menstrual cycle | + | − | − | − | − |
| Estrus cycle | − | − | − | + | − | |
| Clinical | Spontaneous cancer development | + | − | + | − | + |
| Pathological | Confirmed histotypes | + | − | − | + | − 4 |
| Experimental | Genetic modifications | NA | + | + | + | − |
1 In frogs, the fallopian tube disembogues into cloaca. 2 The hen uterus lacks endometrium; it is responsible for egg shell formation. 3 Endometriosis in mice does not develop spontaneously; its models are obtained surgically or by genetic engineering. 4 Histological types of hen tumors were not tested for immunophenotypic similarity to human ovarian cancers. NA—not applicable.