Table 2.

Features of xenograft models depending on the site of cancer cells administration.

Injection Site	Features of the Model
Subcutaneously	Tumor is limited to the site of cells’ injection Easy observation of tumor growth Tumor develops in an unusual anatomical location and microenvironment Not feasible to study angiogenesis No metastases and disease progression are observed
Intraperitoneally	A good model of disseminated disease Metastases to the peritoneum and diaphragm with ascites formation Tumor growth can be monitored using in vivo fluorescence or luminescence techniques Not suitable for investigating the initiation of the neoplastic process and the early stages of disease
Orthotopically	Tumor develops in a closed space limited by the ovarian bursa Good model for research on early stages of disease Metastasis and progression of disease not always occur in this model Technically difficult (leakage of cancer cells outside bursa may occur)