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Use of the universal goniometer to measure craniocervical ranges in (A) flexion, (B) extension, (C) side-bending and (D) rotating. During the examination, some vertical and horizontal lines were marked on the wall and floor as references for cervical motions and goniometer placement. One side of the scale was covered by white paper. The investigators were not aware of the exact angles until the end of examination when the non-covered side is flipped toward them.
