Table 2.
Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of craniocervical ranges measured by the hybrid device.
| Intra-Rater ICC (95% CI) | Intra-Rater SEM (Degrees) | Intra-Rater MDC (Degrees) | Inter-Rater ICC (95% CI) | Inter-Rater SEM (Degrees) | Inter-Rater MDC (Degrees) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flexion | 0.963 (0.933 to 0.980) |
2.68 | 7.42 | 0.979 (0.962 to 0.989) |
1.81 | 5.01 |
| Extension | 0.954 (0.916 to 0.975) |
2.50 | 6.92 | 0.953 (0.914 to 0.975) |
2.61 | 7.24 |
| Side-bending to right | 0.925 (0.864 to 0.959) |
1.60 | 4.44 | 0.880 (0.786 to 0.934) |
2.03 | 5.63 |
| Side-bending to left | 0.939 (0.888 to 0.967) |
1.48 | 4.12 | 0.931 (0.875 to 0.963) |
1.59 | 4.39 |
| Rotating to right | 0.959 (0.925 to 0.978) |
1.66 | 4.61 | 0.942 (0.895 to 0.969) |
1.96 | 5.44 |
| Rotating to left | 0.931 (0.874 to 0.962) |
1.99 | 5.52 | 0.956 (0.919 to 0.976) |
1.63 | 4.51 |
Note: CI, confidence interval; ICC, intraclass correlation coefficient (analyzed by the two-way random effect model); SEM, standard error of measurement; MDC, minimal detectable change.