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Existing and proposed base editors with various protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequences and possible base modifications.
| Cas Protein. | PAM Sequence (5′- 3′; N = any base, V = A, C, or G) | Existing Engineered Base Editors | Possible Base Modifications |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cas9D10A, Cas9, dCas9 | NGG | BE4max; ABEmax; dABE; dCBE | C > T; A > G |
| Cpf1 (Cas12a) | TTTV | BE4max | C > T |
| FnCpf1 | TTN | None | N/A |
| C2c2 | Avoidance of 3′ G [95] | None | N/A |
