Table 2.
Characteristics of the clients at the initial evaluation (n = 72).
| Experimental group |
Control group |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cerebral or spinal and high EQ-VAS (n = 11) | Cerebral or spinal and low EQ-VAS (n = 3) | Musculoskeletal and high EQ-VAS (n = 13) | Musculoskeletal and low EQ-VAS (n = 9) | Total (n = 36) | Cerebral or spinal and high EQ-VAS (n = 12) | Cerebral or spinal and low EQ-VAS (n = 4) | Musculoskeletal and high EQ-VAS (n = 12) | Musculoskeletal and low EQ-VAS (n = 8) | Total (n = 36) | Effect size | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 67.00 (6.43) | 71.67 (4.58) | 71.67 (4.58) | 78.89 (7.67) | 74.11 (9.11) | 72.75 (11.73) | 68.75 (7.63) | 76.50 (9.28) | 79.88 (7.59) | 75.17 (9.99) | g = 0.11 |
| Sex, n | |||||||||||
| Male | 5 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 12 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 15 | |
| Female | 6 | 2 | 10 | 6 | 24 | 4 | 1 | 10 | 6 | 21 | V = 0.09 |
| Disease, n | |||||||||||
| Cerebral infarction | 7 | 2 | – | – | 9 | 9 | 3 | – | – | 12 | |
| Cerebral hemorrhage | 2 | – | – | – | 2 | 2 | 1 | – | – | 3 | V = 0.06 |
| Subarachnoid hemorrhage | 1 | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | 1 | |
| Spinal cord injury | 1 | 1 | – | – | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Femoral neck fracture | – | – | 3 | 2 | 5 | – | – | 1 | – | 1 | |
| Intertrochanteric femoral fracture | – | – | 2 | 3 | 5 | – | – | 3 | 2 | 5 | |
| Lumbar compression fracture | – | – | 2 | 3 | 5 | – | – | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
| Pelvic fracture | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | – | – | 2 | 2 | 4 | |
| Lumbar spinal canal stenosis | – | – | – | – | 5 | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | |
| Knee osteoarthritis | – | – | 5 | – | – | – | – | 5 | – | 5 | |
| Hip osteoarthritis | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | |
| Above knee amputation | – | – | 1 | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Cerebral or spinal and high EQ-VAS (n = 11) | Cerebral or spinal and low EQ-VAS (n = 3) | Musculoskeletal and high EQ-VAS (n = 13) | Musculoskeletal and low EQ-VAS (n = 9) | Total (n = 36) | Cerebral or spinal and high EQ-VAS (n = 12) | Cerebral or spinal and low EQ-VAS (n = 4) | Musculoskeletal and high EQ-VAS (n = 12) | Musculoskeletal and low EQ-VAS (n = 8) | Total (n = 36) | Effect size | |
| Length of stay (day), mean (SD) | 47.82 (30.92) | 87.00 (39.36) | 43.2 (33.70) | 38.67 (26.22) | 49.47 (33.05) | 42.25 (27.54) | 72.75 (39.00) | 36.92 (20.44) | 56.63 (26.61) | 49.53 (27.99) | g = 0.00 |
| Treatment period (day), mean (SD) | 45.33 (31.41) | 84.86 (38.04) | 41.68 (33.24) | 36.59 (27.08) | 47.14 (32.69) | 40.96 (26.73) | 69.98 (38.48) | 34.61 (21.03) | 54.09 (25.67) | 47.06 (27.95) | g = 0.00 |
| MMSE, mean (SD) | 26.73 (2.61) | 29.33 (1.15) | 27.92 (2.36) | 26.56 (2.74) | 27.33 (2.53) | 28.25 (1.71) | 25.25 (1.89) | 27.50 (2.58) | 27.25 (2.38) | 27.36 (2.46) | g = 0.01 |
| EQ-VAS, mean (SD) | 75.64 (11.42) | 30.00 (10.00) | 68.08 (17.14) | 33.89 (11.67) | 58.67 (22.95) | 78.08 (9.07) | 46.25 (11.09) | 72.92 (18.02) | 39.38 (10.16) | 65.33 (20.72) | g = 0.30 |
| Flow state scale for occupational task, mean (SD) | 79.36 (12.73) | 79.33 (6.43) | 80.31 (9.31) | 78.78 (13.21) | 79.56 (10.90) | 75.67 (12.29) | 50.5 (15.93) | 82.5 (12.81) | 77.13 (11.19) | 75.47 (15.32) | g = 0.31 |
| Ikigai-9, mean (SD) | 29.45 (7.35) | 20.33 (4.73) | 29.92 (4.25) | 26.00 (8.44) | 28.00 (6.88) | 26.41 (9.20) | 25.00 (6.37) | 32.33 (6.54) | 30.63 (12.26) | 29.17 (9.06) | g = 0.15 |
| Functional Independence Measure, mean (SD) | |||||||||||
| Motor | 69.18 (13.63) | 58.67 (25.42) | 62.69 (13.93) | 63.22 (12.57) | 64.47 (14.29) | 72.41 (11.22) | 57.00 (23.85) | 67.92 (10.30) | 55.88 (15.96) | 65.53 (14.85) | g = 0.07 |
| Cognitive | 31.27 (3.17) | 34.67 (0.58) | 33.23 (2.83) | 34.00 (1.41) | 32.97 (2.76) | 33.67 (2.02) | 29.00 (4.69) | 34.83 (0.58) | 33.75 (1.83) | 33.56 (2.62) | g = 0.22 |
| Total | 100.45 (14.45) | 93.67 (25.42) | 95.92 (16.07) | 97.22 (12.92) | 97.44 (15.11) | 106.08 (10.40) | 86.00 (25.65) | 102.75 (10.38) | 89.63 (17.00) | 99.08 (15.60) | g = 0.11 |
EQ-VAS, EuroQol–5 Dimensions visual analog scale; High EQ-VAS, EuroQol–5 Dimensions visual analog scale ≧ 50; Low EQ-VAS, EuroQol–5 Dimensions visual analog scale < 50; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; effect size g, Hedges’ g; effect size V, Cramer’s V. Effect size of disease calculated Cramer’s V which is a measure of association between two nominal variables (disease: cerebral or spinal disease and musculoskeletal disease, group: experiment and control group).