Table 3.
Brief COPE Items and Descriptive Data
| Factor Name | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Item | M | SD | α | Skewness | Kurtosis | Item Loading |
| Active | 2.44 | 1.92 | 0.728 | 0.297 | −0.963 | |
| 02. I’ve been concentrating my efforts on doing something about the situation I’m in. | 1.05 | 1.07 | 0.547 | −0.981 | 0.95 | |
| 07. I’ve been taking action to try to make the situation better. | 1.39 | 1.10 | 0.096 | −1.310 | 0.93 | |
| Planning | 1.78 | 1.84 | 0.749 | 0.772 | −0.451 | |
| 14. I’ve been trying to come up with a strategy about what to do. | 0.76 | 0.98 | 1.045 | −0.125 | 0.92 | |
| 25. I’ve been thinking hard about what steps to take. | 1.02 | 1.07 | 0.609 | −0.964 | 0.95 | |
| Positive Reframing | 2.77 | 1.96 | 0.744 | 0.149 | −1.098 | |
| 12. I’ve been trying to see it in a different light, to make it seem more positive | 1.25 | 1.10 | 0.299 | −1.237 | 0.92 | |
| 17. I’ve been looking for something good in what is happening. | 1.52 | 1.10 | −0.003 | −1.319 | 0.88 | |
| Acceptance | 4.52 | 1.79 | 0.709 | −1.096 | 0.208 | |
| 20. I’ve been accepting the reality of the fact that situation has happened. | 2.29 | 0.99 | −1.204 | 0.201 | 0.85 | |
| 24. I’ve been learning to live with the situation. | 2.23 | 1.04 | −1.092 | −0.172 | 0.90 | |
| Humor | 1.09 | 1.66 | 0.831 | 1.499 | 1.258 | |
| 18. I’ve been making jokes about the situation. | 0.94 | 1.39 | 1.385 | 0.696 | 0.97 | |
| 28. I’ve been making fun of the situation | 0.48 | 0.85 | 1.699 | 1.814 | 0.90 | |
| Religion | 3.72 | 2.16 | 0.871 | −0.447 | −1.199 | |
| 22. I’ve been trying to find comfort in my religion or spiritual beliefs. | 1.84 | 1.16 | −0.415 | −1.328 | 0.99 | |
| 27. I’ve been praying or meditating. | 1.88 | 1.14 | −0.485 | −1.224 | 0.89 | |
| Emotional Support | 2.41 | 1.88 | 0.775 | 0.395 | −0.873 | |
| 05. I’ve been getting emotional support from others. | 1.19 | 1.10 | 0.387 | −0.952 | 0.89 | |
| 15. I’ve been getting comfort and understanding from someone. | 1.22 | 1.08 | 0.354 | −1.115 | 0.93 | |
| Instrumental Support | 1.53 | 1.68 | 0.774 | 0.993 | 0.171 | |
| 10. I’ve been getting help and advice from other people. | 0.84 | 0.94 | 0.893 | −0.170 | 0.95 | |
| 23. I’ve been trying to get advice or help from other people about what to do. | 0.69 | 0.93 | 1.174 | 0.298 | 0.92 | |
| Self-Distraction | 1.97 | 1.85 | 0.633 | 0.547 | −0.840 | |
| 01. I’ve been turning to work or other activities to take my mind of things. | 1.04 | 1.10 | 0.582 | −1.067 | 0.86 | |
| 19. I’ve been doing something to think about it less, such as going to the movies, watching TV, reading, daydreaming, sleeping, or shopping. | 0.93 | 1.10 | 0.741 | −0.817 | 0.84 | |
| Denial | 0.30 | 0.81 | 0.507 | 3.273 | 11.527 | |
| 03. I’ve been saying to myself “this isn’t real.” | 0.19 | 0.54 | 3.256 | 11.226 | 0.93 | |
| 08. I’ve been refusing to believe that the situation has happened. | 0.10 | 0.44 | 4.773 | 23.908 | 0.89 | |
| Venting | 1.04 | 1.31 | 0.645 | 1.411 | 1.846 | |
| 09. I’ve been saying things to let my unpleasant feelings escape. | 0.36 | 0.66 | 2.010 | 3.835 | 0.86 | |
| 21. I’ve been expressing my negative feelings. | 0.69 | 0.85 | 1.132 | 0.591 | 0.87 | |
| Substance Use | 0.24 | 0.80 | 0.795 | 4.445 | 22.837 | |
| 04. I’ve been using alcohol or other drugs to make myself feel better. | 0.16 | 0.51 | 3.772 | 15.128 | 0.97 | |
| 11. I’ve been using alcohol or other drugs to help me get through things. | 0.08 | 0.37 | 5.506 | 34.235 | 0.99 | |
| Disengagement | 0.26 | 0.77 | 0.466 | 3.566 | 14.284 | |
| 06. I’ve been giving up trying to deal with things. | 0.16 | 0.53 | 3.783 | 14.575 | 0.85 | |
| 16. I’ve been giving up the attempt to cope. | 0.10 | 0.43 | 4.795 | 24.847 | 0.79 | |
| Self-Blame | 0.71 | 1.21 | 0.688 | 2.094 | 4.520 | |
| 13. I’ve been criticizing myself. | 0.41 | 0.73 | 1.903 | 3.207 | 0.88 | |
| 26. I’ve been blaming myself for things that happened. | 0.30 | 0.66 | 2.427 | 5.664 | 0.86 | |