Table 1.
Participant characteristics
| Non-frail | Pre-frail | Frail | P † | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 40 | 53 | 19 | |
| BMI, mean ± SD, kg/m2 | 25.8 ± 4.4 | 28.4 ± 6.9 | 29.9 ± 6.0 | .026 |
| Age, mean ± SD, years | 74.7 ± 6.6 | 80.5 ± 8.7 | 82.8 ± 8.8 | <.001 |
| Sex, % female | 85.0 | 73.6 | 89.5 | .214§ |
| Number of comorbidities, mean ± SD | 2.3 ± 1.7 | 4.0 ± 2.2 | 4.6 ± 1.6 | <.001 |
| Cumulated PA, mean ± SD, % | 25.0 ± 7.1 | 18.9 ± 6.0 | 16.4 ± 7.3 | <.001 |
| Max. steps in one bout, mean ± SD | 1668 ± 1724 | 591 ± 556 | 285 ± 357 | <.001 |
| Aver. steps per bout, mean ± SD | 39 ± 24 | 33 ± 15 | 27 ± 12 | .025 |
| Normal walking speed, mean ± SD m/s | 1.18 ± 0.15 | 0.92 ± 0.22 | 0.64 ± 0.25 | <.001 |
| Fast walking speed, mean ± SD, m/s | 1.47 ± 0.22a | 1.13 ± 0.27b | 1.07 ± 0.12c | <.001 |
BMI Body mass index, max Maximal, PA Physical activity, SD Standard deviation
†: one-way ANOVA; §: Pearson Chi2
a: n = 29; b: n = 33; c: n = 3