Table 1.
Summary of included studies
| Study | Methods | Participants | Interventions | Outcomes | Adverse events |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assir et al. [15], 2011 | Randomized single blind placebo controlled study | Patients > 14 years with DF or DHF with platelet < 50 × 109(19 intervention, 20 control) | CP leaf extract syrup 5 ml twice a day for four days | Mean platelet count increments after 2–4 days were not statistically significant between the two groups. Mean platelet increment between day 5(4 days after intervention) and baseline was 106 ± 69.16 in the intervention group and 82.3 ± 37.28 in the control group, and not statistically significant. | No significant adverse effects with CP |
| Yunita et al. [16], 2012 | Randomized open-label controlled study | Patients 15–55 years with suspected DF (40 in each arm) | CP leaf extract capsule 1100 mg three times a day | Platelet counts rise more rapid in the intervention group (p < 0.05). Haematocrit changes not significant. Period of hospitalization shortened with treatment. Intervention group 3.48 ± 0.6 days, Control group 5.38 ± 0.67 days (p < 0.05). | Not reported |
| Subenthiran et al. [17], 2013 | Randomized open label controlled study | Patients 18–60 years with DF or DHF with platelet < 100 × 109(145 in each arm) | Fresh juice from 50 g of CP leaves daily for three days | Mean difference in platelet count at 8 h and after 40 h: intervention group − 16.764 (− 24.566, − 8.964), p < 0.001, control group − 7.703 (− 14.055, 1.351) (p = 0.018). | Not reported |
| Abhishek et al. [18], 2015 | Randomized open label controlled study | Patients 18–60 years with DF or DHF I, II with platelet count 30 – 100 × 109 (30 in each arm) | CP leaf extract tablets 1100 mg three times a day for five days | Mean platelet count after five days: intervention group 110.71 + 30.57, control group 75.63 + 22.49. Mean difference in platelet count from day 1 to day 5: 39.89 + 38.50 in the intervention group, 0.71 + 24.76 in the control group, p = 0003. | Not reported |
| Gowda et al. [19], 2015 | Randomized, open label controlled study | Patients 18–60 years with DF or DHF I, II with platelet count 30-100 × 109 (14 intervention group, 16 control group) | CP leaf extract tablets 1100 mg three times a day for five days | Mean platelet count on day 5: intervention group 104.71 ± 30.57, control group 66.63 ± 22.49. Mean difference in platelet count from day 1 to day 5: intervention group 39.92 ± 38.51, control group 00.69 ± 24.75, p = 0003. | Not reported |
| Gadhwal et al. [20], 2016 | Randomized controlled study | Patients > 16 years with DF and platelet count < 150 × 109 (200 in each group) | CP leaf extract capsule 500 mg once daily for five days | Mean platelet count was higher in the intervention group from 3rd to 5th day. Average hospitalization period: intervention group 3.65 ± 0.97 days, control group 5.42 ± 0.98, p < 0.01. Platelet transfusion requirements: intervention group 55/200, control group 93/200. | No side effects reported with CP |
| Kasture et al. [21], 2016 | Randomized double blind placebo controlled study | Patients 18–60 years with DF or DHF I, II with platelet count 30-100 × 109 (150 each group) | CP leaf extract tablets 1100 mg three times a day for five days | Median platelet count on day three: intervention group 88.89, control group 55.63; on day four 102.57 and 64.58; on day five 155.88 and 70.52, respectively. White cell count also increased in the intervention group. No difference in haematocrit. | Nausea, vomiting |
| Adarsh et al. [22], 2017 | Randomized double blind placebo controlled study | Adult patients with DF (50 each) | CP leaf extract capsules 500 mg three times a day for five days | Average platelet count was higher in the intervention group on day 3, 4 and 5 (p < 0.01). Platelet transfusion requirements: intervention group 28%, control group 46% (p < 0.01). White cell count increased in the intervention group. Haematocrit did not show significant difference. Duration of hospitalization: intervention group 3.45 ± 0.98, control group 6.42 ± 0.98 (p < 0.01). | Nausea, vomiting |
| Srikanth et al. [23], 2019 | Randomized open label controlled study | Paediatric patients (1–12 years) with DF or DHF grades I or II with platelet count 30-100 × 109 (145 intervention, 140 control) | CP leaf extract syrup 275 mg three times a day (1–5 years age) or 550 mg three times a day (> 5 years) | Increase in platelet count on day 03, 04 and 05 were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Increase in red cell count was statistically significant on day 05 and white cell count statistically significant on day 3, 4 and 5. | Nausea in two patients |
CP Carica papaya, DF dengue fever, DHF dengue haemorrhagic fever