Table 1.
Themes, categories and selected codes that emerged during analysis
| Theme | Category | Selected codes |
|---|---|---|
| Maintain safety while saving injured victims’ lives and facilitate access to health facility | Providing initial help to injured victim | Remove victim from scene |
| Positioning victim | ||
| Fan serious victims | ||
| Provide first aid if possible | ||
| Sorting out victims while ensuring safety | Cordon the scene. | |
| Prevent further injuries. | ||
| Identfy surviving victims and the dead | ||
| Notify citizen about incident | ||
| Transporting RTI victims to the hospital | Rush to hospital using police car | |
| Request a private car for transport | ||
| Forcing car owner to rush victim to hospital | ||
| Paying car owner to rush victim to hospital | ||
| Overwhelmed while working with limited resources and support | Working with scarce resources for helping victims | No first-aid kits and stretchers. |
| Use cloths to prevent blood contact | ||
| Use plastic bags | ||
| Caring for victim with bare hands | ||
| Difficulty facilitating victims’ access to health facilities for care | Use personal cars. | |
| Private car owners’ resistance to carrying victims. | ||
| Unavailability of ambulances at scene. | ||
| Bad roads. | ||
| Overwhelmed and exhausted with responsibilities without resting | Heavy workload with little resting time | |
| Working overtime over phone while at home | ||
| Becoming stressed while working with victim | ||
| Helping but being blamed by civilians | ||
| Lacking support system at the scene and at health facilities | Overcrowding at the scene with no help | |
| Onlooker stealing victims’ property | ||
| Bureaucracy delays admission of patient to emergency department | ||
| Delays in receiving victim/dead body at emergency department | ||
| Improving the support system and empowering frontline personnel | Need for strong emergency care system | Available standby ambulance along major roads |
| Special number to call ambulances | ||
| Special emergency number to call hospital | ||
| Preparedness of emergency care provider | ||
| Availability of resources and emergency medical support system | Distribution of first-aid material | |
| Increased number of police patrol cars | ||
| Specified police patrol car for victim | ||
| Employing more staff in police posts | ||
| Training for police and drivers on victims’ first aid and road safety | First-aid training for police and other drivers | |
| Training on road rules and regulations for drivers | ||
| Workshop on care for different types of injured patients | ||
| Not being rough while caring for the victim |