TABLE 6.

Linear mixed-effects model for repeated measures with HR_{peak above resting} as a function phases of the calls, officer characteristics, incident factors, and training with and without movement as a covariate.

	Without movement				With movement
	B	SE	t	p	B	SE	t	p
Fixed effects
(intercept)	28.61	5.40	5.30	< 0.001	28.66	5.23	5.48	< 0.001
Phase of calla
Encounter/use-of-force/arrest	24.39	1.04	23.52	< 0.001	18.15	1.02	17.72	< 0.001
Arrival on scene	20.28	0.65	31.36	< 0.001	11.58	0.67	17.32	< 0.001
Enroute	6.41	0.45	14.11	< 0.001	7.33	0.40	18.20	< 0.001
Dispatch	–				–
Sex
Female	3.39	2.21	1.54	0.130	2.71	2.14	1.27	0.209
Male	–				–
Age	–0.18	0.16	–1.12	0.266	–0.21	0.15	–1.35	0.181
Years of service	–0.08	0.47	–0.17	0.867	0.03	0.46	0.07	0.942
Call priority
(1) Very urgent	7.00	1.55	4.52	< 0.001	5.61	1.39	4.04	< 0.001
(2) Urgent	1.82	0.87	2.09	0.037	1.32	0.78	1.68	0.093
(3) Routine	–				–
Weapon(s) reported/accessible
Yes	3.80	1.60	2.37	0.018	4.11	1.44	2.85	0.005
No	–				–
Arrest/apprehension
Arrest	6.48	1.74	3.72	< 0.001	6.49	1.57	4.14	< 0.001
MHA apprehension	3.65	2.02	1.80	0.072	2.80	1.81	1.54	0.123
Present while other officer conducted arrest	3.17	2.19	1.45	0.148	1.47	1.97	0.75	0.454
No	–				–
Use-of-force
Firearm	8.30	1.90	4.36	< 0.001	7.64	1.71	4.46	< 0.001
Non-firearm	0.58	1.77	0.33	0.743	–0.17	1.59	–0.11	0.913
No	–				–
Level of training	–0.22	0.81	–0.28	0.784	–0.19	0.78	–0.24	0.807
Movement	–	–	–	–	2.53	0.11	24.04	< 0.001
Random effects	Var	SD			Var	SD
Officer (intercept)	36.47	6.0			35.69	6.0

Unstandardized regression coefficient (B), standard error (SE), and t-value (t). Mean resting heart rate was 63 beats per minute. ^aRepeated measures.