Table 4.

The clinical decision tree for extraction socket preservation/augmentation

Indications and reasons for extraction socket preservation/augmentation	Aesthetic zone	Non aesthetic zone
Aesthetic
Impossible to reach sufficient aesthetic result	Facial soft tissue deficiency of extraction socket
	Absence of buccal wall of extraction socket > 50%	Absence of buccal wall of extraction socket
	Horizontal bone loss ˃ 2 mm	Horizontal bone loss ˃ 3 mm
Functional
Impossible to gain implant primary stability	Available bone beyond the apex of extraction socket ˂ 3 mm and absence of implant to bony walls contact	Available bone beyond the apex of extraction socket ˂ 3 mm and absence of septal bone
Risk related
Risk of significant alveolar bone resorption	Multiple extractions when buccal extraction socket wall thickness < 2 mm and thin (< 1 mm) biotype
	Postponed or not recommended implantation for some reasons
Risk of apical peri-implantitis development	Presence of extraction socket bone lesions ˃ 5 mm
Risk of maxillary sinus perforation and reducing the need for elevation of the sinus floor	Presence of roots penetrating into maxillary sinus
Risk of nasal floor perforation and reducing the need for elevation of the nasal floor	Presence maxillary alveolar process atrophy in nasal floor projection