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. 2019 Oct 4;10:2326. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02326

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Suppression of H. pylori-induced TNF and IL-6 production by L. gasseri is contact and dose dependent and mediated by a heat-sensitive molecule. (A–C) THP-derived macrophages were incubated for 8 h with bacteria. (A) Effect of lactobacilli on the level of Hp-induced TNF (left panel) and IL-6 (right panel) when lactobacilli were live or heat-killed, (B) in contact or physically separated from the host cells and H. pylori using Millicell cell culture inserts. (C) The effect of different loads of lactobacilli upon Hp-induced TNF and IL-6 levels. MOI, multiplicity of infection. (D) Effect of lactobacilli on the level of Hp-induced TNF when THP-derived macrophages were pre-incubated with lactobacilli for 2 h before challenged with Hp for 8 h. ELISA was used to quantify TNF and IL-6. The presented data are representative of the means and standard deviation of at least three independent experiments performed in triplicate. Unstim., no bacteria added. *P < 0.05.