Table 1.

Variables used for effectiveness and safety outcomes

Effectiveness outcome (risk of stroke and systemic thromboembolic events)

Safety outcome (risk of major bleeding)

Identification of events (ICD‐10 codes collected in PMSI) – Ischemic stroke or not specified Cerebral infarction (except cerebral infarction due to cerebral venous thrombosis, nonpyogenic): code I63(except I636) Stroke, not specified as hemorrhage or infarction: code I64 – Hemorrhagic stroke Subarachnoid hemorrhage: code I60 Intracerebral hemorrhage: code I61 Other nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage: code I62 – Systemic thromboembolic events Arterial embolism and thrombosis: code I74

Identification of events (ICD‐10 codes collected in PMSI) – Intracranial bleeding Intracranial hemorrhage: codes I60 to I62 Epidural hemorrhage: code S064 Traumatic subdural hemorrhage: code S065 Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage: code S066 – Gastric duodenal and rectum bleeding Oesophageal varices with bleeding: code I850 Gastro‐oesophageal laceration‐hemorrhage syndrome: code K226 Gastric ulcer/duodenal ulcer/peptic ulcer/gastrojejunal ulcer with hemorrhage: codes K250, K252, K254, K256, K260, K262, K264, K266, K270, K272, K274, K276, K280, K282, K284, K286 Acute hemorrhagic gastritis: code K290 Hemorrhage of anus and rectum: code K625 Hematemesis: code K920 Melaena: code K921 Gastrointestinal hemorrhage, unspecified: code K922 – Acute posthemorrhagic anemia: code D62 – Intraocular bleeding Retinal hemorrhage: code H356 Vitreous hemorrhage: code H431 Vitreous hemorrhage in diseases classified elsewhere: code H450 – Otorrhagia: code H922 – Pericardic Hemopericardium, not elsewhere classified: code I312 – Respiratory bleeding Hemothorax: code J942 Hemorrhage from respiratory passages: R04 – Hemoperitoneum: code K661 – Intra articular bleeding Hemarthrosis: code M250 – Uterine and vaginal bleeding Recurrent and persistent hematuria: code N02 Other specified abnormal uterine and vaginal bleeding: code N938 Abnormal uterine and vaginal bleeding, unspecified: code N939 Postmenopausal bleeding: code N950 Unspecified hematuria: code R31 – Other bleeding Hemorrhage, not elsewhere classified: code R58 Traumatic secondary and recurrent hemorrhage: code T792

Abbreviations: ICD‐10, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision; PMSI, French Hospital Discharge database.