Fig 4.

Distribution of Likert scale scores for patients with (A) and without (B) a DAVF on structural MR imaging alone, structural MR imaging with TOF-MRA (sMRI/MRA), and structural MR imaging with both TOF-MRA and pCASL (sMRI/MRA/pCASL). A, In the DAVF group, there is a marked incremental increase in reader accuracy and confidence in the presence of a DAVF—with a higher percentage considered “very likely” to have a DAVF—with the addition of pCASL. B, In the control group, reader accuracy and confidence in the absence of a DAVF decrease with the addition of TOF-MRA to sMRI due to a high number of false-positives for venous hyperintensity on TOF-MRA. Reader certainty as to the absence of a fistula increased (and was highest) following review of pCASL.