Table 3. Assessment of WASH difficulties, between people with and without disabilities ages 15 and older (n = 381).
| Disability (n = 192) | No disability (n = 189) | aOR (95% CI)¥ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WaterΩ | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Does not collect water independently | 92 (50.8%) | 12 (6.4%) | 18.7 (9.3–37.6)* |
| Uses different water source | 13 (10.2%) | 2 (1.1%) | 11.6 (2.5–54.7)* |
| Experiences pain while collecting water | 51 (40.2%) | 4 (2.3%) | 30.2 (10.4–87.9)* |
| Fear of abuse/violence during collection | 20 (15.0%) | 2 (1.1%) | 15.7 (3.5–69.8)* |
| Cannot accessed stored water independently | 47 (24.9%) | 8 (4.2%) | 7.9 (3.5–17.6)* |
| Water score (mean, SE) | 23.6 (1.4) | 2.9 (0.6) | p<0.001 |
| Sanitation | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Requires help when going to defecate | 39 (20.6%) | 8 (4.2%) | 5.8 (2.6–12.9)* |
| Experiences pain while going to defecate | 55 (29.1%) | 1 (0.5%) | 81.8 (11.1–602.2)* |
| Contacts faeces or urine while using facility | 28 (14.8%) | 3 (1.6%) | 10.9 (3.2–37.0)* |
| Has less privacy than others using site | 32 (16.9%) | 3 (3.1%) | 6.3 (2.5–15.7)* |
| Afraid of abuse while going to defecate | 9 (4.5%) | 2 (1.0%) | 4.1 (0.9–19.8) |
| Uses same facility as other adults in household | 27 (14.3%) | 10 (5.2%) | 2.8 (1.3–6.1)* |
| Sanitation score (mean, SE) | 16.8 (1.9) | 2.6 (0.5) | p<0.001 |
| Hygiene | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Bathing place outside of home, compound | 74 (39.2%) | 96 (50.0%) | 0.6 (0.4–0.9)* |
| Requires help when bathing | 85 (45.0%) | 9 (4.7%) | 20.2 (9.4–43.5)* |
| Uses different site than adults in household | 39 (20.6%) | 13 (6.8%) | 3.5 (1.7–7.0)* |
| Afraid of abuse during bathing | 18 (9.5%) | 4 (2.1%) | 4.8 (1.6–14.8)* |
| Experiences pain while bathing | 71 (37.6%) | 3 (1.6%) | 42.1 (12.8–138.6)* |
| Has less privacy than others using site | 61 (32.3%) | 27 (14.1%) | 2.8 (1.6–4.7)* |
| Comes into contact with dirt or dirty water | 33 (17.5%) | 5 (2.6%) | 7.2 (2.7–19.1)* |
| Requires help to wash hands | 49 (25.9%) | 17 (8.9%) | 3.6 (2.0–6.6)* |
| Requires help to locate cleaning materials | 72 (38.3%) | 4 (2.1%) | 32.8 (11.4–94.2)* |
| Gets blood on clothing when menstruatingα | 21 (61.8%) | 8 (23.5%) | 5.2 (1.6–16.8)* |
| Hygiene score (mean, SE) | 34.5 (1.3) | 18.5 (0.6) | p<0.001 |
*p = <0.05 in multivariate regression;
Ω Among people with water source outside home/compound (19 individual excluded);
α Women, 15–49 only;
¥ Adjusted for age group, sex, location (rural/urban) and socioeconomic status quartile.