Table 3. Regression coefficients of substantive cofactors explaining LTL.
| Substantive explanatory factors |
Base models | Full model Adjusted |
Full model Non-adjusted |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic & SES | |||||||||
| Exact age in years | -.0044 | (.0004) | ** | -.0042 | (.0006) | ** | -.0052 | (.0007) | ** |
| Deceased in < 3 yrs. | .0070 | (.0121) | .0128 | (.0129) | .0036 | (.0142) | |||
| Deceased in 3–5 yrs. | -.0084 | (.0106) | -.0069 | (.0110) | -.0141 | (.0121) | |||
| Sex = male | -.0356 | (.0086) | ** | -.0471 | (.0128) | ** | -.0530 | (.0142) | ** |
| Nicoya region | .0381 | (.0102) | ** | .0337 | (.0111) | ** | -.0051 | (.0120) | |
| Widow | .0032 | (.0097) | .0019 | (.0098) | -.0031 | (.0108) | |||
| Living alone | -.0013 | (.0119) | -.0054 | (.0121) | .0011 | (.0135) | |||
| Education years | -.0001 | (.0012) | .0002 | (.0014) | .0023 | (.0015) | |||
| Income | -.0014 | (.0009) | -.0014 | (.0010) | -.0016 | (.0011) | |||
| Health | |||||||||
| Reported poor health | .0013 | (.0036) | .0009 | (.0040) | .0006 | (.0044) | |||
| Smoker | -.0068 | (.0162) | -.0107 | (.0165) | -.0063 | (.0182) | |||
| Cancer diagnosed | .0020 | (.0177) | .0000 | (.0177) | .0039 | (.0196) | |||
| Diabetes diagnosed | -.0233 | (.0106) | * | -.0301 | (.0119) | ** | -.0264 | (.0131) | * |
| Taking BP medicine | -.0051 | (.0079) | -.0007 | (.0083) | .0056 | (.0091) | |||
| ADLs disability | .0000 | (.0002) | .0000 | (.0002) | .0000 | (.0002) | |||
| Cognition impairment | .0000 | (.0003) | -.0001 | (.0004) | .0001 | (.0004) | |||
| Depression symptoms | .0002 | (.0002) | .0001 | (.0002) | .0002 | (.0002) | |||
| Biomarkers | |||||||||
| Systolic BP | .0003 | (.0001) | * | .0004 | (.0002) | + | .0004 | (.0002) | + |
| Diastolic BP | .0004 | (.0003) | -.0001 | (.0004) | -.0002 | (.0005) | |||
| BMI | -.0004 | (.0008) | -.0002 | (.0008) | -.0005 | (.0009) | |||
| Handgrip strength | .0003 | (.0007) | .0003 | (.0007) | .0005 | (.0008) | |||
| Total/HDL Choles. ratio | -.0030 | (.0024) | -.0016 | (.0027) | .0028 | (.0029) | |||
| Triglycerides | -.0001 | (.0000) | -.0001 | (.0001) | -.0002 | (.0001) | * | ||
| CRP | .0006 | (.0005) | .0006 | (.0005) | .0004 | (.0005) | |||
| HbA1c | .0012 | (.0034) | .0058 | (.0038) | .0125 | (.0040) | ** | ||
| Serum creatinine | -.0206 | (.0111) | + | -.0218 | (.0114) | + | -.0057 | (.0122) | |
| DHEAS | .0002 | (.0001) | + | .0002 | (.0001) | + | .0003 | (.0001) | * |
| Early childhood | |||||||||
| Knee height | .0023 | (.0017) | .0028 | (.0018) | .0031 | (.0020) | |||
| Childhood poor health | -.0013 | (.0056) | -.0006 | (.0060) | .0000 | (.0062) | |||
| Childhood malaria | -.0097 | (.0157) | -.0049 | (.0131) | -.0145 | (.0154) | |||
| Childhood asthma | .0072 | (.0174) | .0018 | (.0144) | .0172 | (.0159) | |||
| Childhood hardship | .0032 | (.0176) | .0021 | (.0175) | .0001 | (.0186) | |||
| Constant | .9425 | (.1134) | ** | 1.0437 | (.1209) | ** | |||
Estimates with Random effects (RE) models for panel data using multiple imputation to account for missing values of covariates.
Standard errors in parentheses. Significance:
** P< 0.01
* P<0.05
+ P<0.10
The “base models” are separate regression models for each variable with controls for measurement factors, age, sex, and Nicoya.
The “full models” included in the regression all 32 explanatory variables in this Table; the “adjusted model” also included in the regression the measuring factors of Table 2.