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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2019 Jun 3;378:114606. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114606

Fig.7. Schematic graph of proposed pathway.

Fig.7.

Arsenic exposure induces Sp1 that either interacts with DNMT1 to facilitate miR-199a genes methylation or repress miR-199a genes at the transcriptional level. The miR-199a-5p suppression releases its inhibitory effect on target genes PKM2 and HIF-1α. Additionally, Sp1 can also directly activate PKM2 transcription. PKM2 upregulation by all these pathways results in energy metabolic dysfunction.