Table 4.
Neonates without electrographic seizures on the EEG, n=139
| Never received AED (n=95) | Received AED at any time (n=44) | Received AED before start of EEG monitoring (n=24) | Received AED after start of EEG monitoring (n=27)* | |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Final diagnosis | ||||
| HIE grade | ||||
| Mild | 47 (49.5) | 3 (6.8) | 2 (8.3) | 1 (3.7) |
| Moderate | 11 (11.6) | 21 (47.7) | 9 (37.5) | 15 (55.6) |
| Severe | 1 (1.1) | 6 (13.6) | 4 (16.7) | 3 (11.1) |
| Metabolic/genetic disorder | 4 (4.2) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Stroke | 3 (3.2) | 5 (11.4) | 3 (12.5) | 4 (14.8) |
| Suspected seizures—unconfirmed | 9 (9.5) | 3 (6.8) | 3 (12.5) | 1 (3.7) |
| Sepsis/meningitis | 3 (3.2) | 1 (2.3) | 1 (4.2) | 0 (0.0) |
| Intracranial haemorrhage | 1 (1.1) | 4 (9.1) | 1 (4.2) | 3 (11.1) |
| Perinatal asphyxia without clinical encephalopathy | 7 (7.4) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Other | 9 (9.5) | 1 (2.3) | 1 (4.2) | 0 (0.0) |
| Type of AED† | ||||
| Phenobarbital | 42 (95.5) | 22 (91.7) | 25 (92.6) | |
| Midazolam | 7 (15.9) | 3 (12.5) | 4 (14.8) | |
| Phenytoin | 3 (6.8) | 3 (12.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Liddocaine | 2 (4.5) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (7.4) | |
| Clonazepam | 2 (4.5) | 2 (8.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Bumetanide | 1 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.7) | |
| Number of types of AEDs administered† | ||||
| 1 | 33 (75.0) | 19 (79.2) | 23 (85.2) | |
| 2 | 9 (20.5) | 4 (16.7) | 3 (11.1) | |
| 3 | 2 (4.5) | 1 (4.2) | 1 (3.7) |
*Includes seven neonates who also received AED before start of EEG monitoring.
†For neonates who were administered an AED.
AED, antiepileptic drug; EEG, electroencephalography; HIE, hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy.