Table 4.

Model-averaged posterior mean, standard deviations and 95% credible intervals (CI) for models including only those covariates which received >0% of the posterior model weight for each area in northeastern Iran.

Parameter	Posterior mean	SD	CI
Sarigol NP
D	8.86	3.60	2.00–16.65
σ	720	1200	200–4900
σ Male	2300	2590	190–8980
σ Female	620	1390	113–6020
α	0.79	0.16	0.40–0.99
δ	0.45	0.02	0.40–0.49
p first occasion	0.16	0.06	0.07–0.31
p last occasion	0.12	0.05	0.04 0.23
c second occasion	0.16	0.05	0.08–0.28
c last occasion	0.13	0.05	0.04–0.23
Ψ	0.80	0.11	0.55–0.97
Salouk NP & PA
D	3.10	1.84	1.08–7.40
σ	3900	2300	950–9200
σ Male	4350	2290	1150–9390
σ Female	4340	2660	745–9590
α	0.87	0.10	0.63–0.99
δ	0.38	0.03	0.31–0.43
p first occasion	0.14	0.07	0.05–0.32
p last occasion	0.03	0.02	0.01–0.08
c second occasion	0.12	0.06	0.05–0.28
c last occasion	0.03	0.03	0.01–0.09
Ψ	0.79	0.10	0.56–0.95
Tandoureh NP
D	5.57	1.04	3.74–7.80
σ	2000	500	130–3200
σ Male	3290	1460	1770–6960
σ Female	920	210	615–1420
α	0.91	0.03	0.84–0.96
δ	0.31	0.02	0.28–0.34
p Water	0.05	0.01	0.04–0.06
p Trail	0.02	0.004	0.02–0.03
c Water	0.36	0.04	0.30–0.43
c Trail	0.19	0.03	0.14–0.24
ψ	0.88	0.06	0.75–0.96

D = population density in independent leopards per 100 km², σ = distance term for the detection function (km), α = conditional probability of a simultaneous type 1 and type 2 encounter (given both mark types detected), δ = conditional probability of type 1 (left flank) or type 2 (right flank), p and c = probabilities of capture and recapture respectively, ψ = probability that a randomly selected individual from the M = observed individuals belongs to the n unique individuals encountered at least once. To investigate the effect of sex, the best performing model for each area as mod.p = ~c + Time (Sarigol and Salouk) and mod.p = ˜c + Placement (Tandoureh) were run for each sex separately.