Fig. 1.

Moderate-intensity exercise causes a pro-oxidative shift in human and murine muscle. a 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH) oxidation (DCF, n = 3)) and b exercise signaling in human vastus lateralis before and after a bout of moderate-intensity cycling (30 min, 65% maximal power output) in young-healthy volunteers (n = 3). c Representative images and quantification of the exercise-stimulated (20 min, 65% maximal running speed) DCFH oxidation in tibialis anterior muscle from WT and ncf1* mice (n = 5 per group). d Exercise signaling in quadriceps muscle from WT and ncf1* mice (n = 6 resting and n = 8 exercising group). e Total proteins levels of p38 MAPK, ERK 1/2, Total alpha2 AMPK, Total ACC, and Coomassie staining as loading control. For a paired t-test was performed for statistical analysis, * denotes p < 0.05 compared to resting condition. For c, d a two-way ANOVA was performed to test for effects of exercise (Exer) genotype (Geno), and interaction (Int), followed by Tukey’s post hoc test with correction for multiple comparisons. *^, **^, ***  Denotes p < 0.05,  p < 0.01,  and p < 0.001, respectively, for main effects/interactions. ^#, ### Denotes p < 0.05 and p < 0.001 compared to the WT group. Individual values and mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) are shown. Scale Bar = 50 µm. For b western blots for total proteins are shown in Supplementary Fig. 1, uncropped blot and quantifications are shown in the Source data file. For c–e, source data are provided in the Source Data file