Fig. 2.

Ap₄A-promoted HINT1 polymerization. a Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was performed with 25 μM HINT1_H114A incubated with 0–700 μM Ap₄A or 400–700 μM AMP. The monomer band of HINT1 was detected by Coomassie brilliant blue staining (CBS) and the polymer bands were detected by western blotting against the 6×his-tag fused with HINT1. The experiment was performed three times with similar results. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. b The molecular weights of the experimental polymers correlated with the integral multiples of the theoretical molecular weight of HINT1 with R-squared = 0.996 (error bars represent the SEM of three experimental repeats). Source data are provided as a Source Data file. c–e Negative stain EM images of HINT1_WT without Ap₄A c, in the presence of 400 μM Ap₄A d, or 700 μM Ap₄A e