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. 2019 Oct 11;9:14695. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51193-x

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of pretreatment of metformin on cytokines profile measured on plasma and liver of Swiss mice. The graphs shows the concentration of TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-10 obtained by ELISA assay. White bars indicate controls (CTR, n = 9), black bars indicate the infected group (INF, n = 9), light gray bars indicate the metformin pretreated controls (CTR-Met, n = 9), and dark gray bars indicate the metformin pretreated infected group (INF-Met, n = 7). Statistical analyses: one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. Values are presented as mean ± standard error. ^**p < 0.01 and ^***p < 0.001.