Table 4.

Overview of included studies.

First author	Patient groups	eHealth	Setting	Implementation project	Implementation framework	Implementation stage	Study design	Data collection
Bailey [48]	COPDa	Clinical monitoring	Sheltered housing	4 tenants used telehealth for 16 weeks	N/Ab	Middlec	Case study (QUALd)	Self-report assessment, observation, focus groups, interviews, workshops
Boonstra [49]	Long-term illnesses	Video consultation	Homecare	From a database of 11,000 regular customers in 2006, 36 used the system	Structurationism	Middle	Single case study (MIXED)	Interviews, workshops, written reports, policy plans, meeting minutes, observations, quantitative data on system use
Fortney [50]	Depression	ICBTe, Beating the Blues, video consultation	Primary care safety net clinics	Implement EBPf in 6 federally qualified health centers	RE-AIMg	Earlyh	Quality improvement methods (QUAL)	Qualitative needs assessments
Hadjistavropoulos [51]	Anxiety, depression	ICBT, Wellbeing Course	Community mental health clinics	ICBT implementation in 7 community mental health clinics	CFIRi	Latej	Process evaluation (QUANTk)	Online survey
Hendy [52]	Long-term illnesses	Clinical monitoring, WSDl	Primary care trusts	Case studies of 3 sites forming the WSD program	NPTm	Late	Comparative, longitudinal, qualitative, ethnographic case study (QUAL)	Interviews, meeting observations, document review
Hendy [59]	Long-term illnesses	Clinical monitoring, WSD	Health and social care organizations	Case studies representing 5 large public sector health organizations	N/A	Late	Longitudinal, ethnographic case studies (QUAL)	Observations, document review, informal discussions, interviews
Horton [53]	COPD	Clinical monitoring	Homecare	During the 6-month implementation period, only 10 users had been recruited to the scheme	N/A	Middle	Case study (QUAL)	Focus groups, field notes, meeting minutes
Lindsay [54]	PTSDn, anxiety, depression, insomnia, chronic pain, SUDo	Video consultation, Video to Home	VAp Medical Center	This 2-year project included 93 patients	PARIHSq, RE-AIM	Late	Mixed-method program evaluation (MIXED)	Interviews, quantitative data on system use
Taylor [55]	COPD, chronic HFr	Clinical monitoring	Community health care	4 community nursing settings involved in 7-month program of action research	PDSAs	Middle	Case studies and action research methodologies (QUAL)	Workshop observations, focus groups, document review, field notes
Terpstra [56]	Chronic pain	ICBT, Master Your Pain	Mental health care institutions	13 mental health care institutions	TDFt, TAMu	Early	Descriptive design (QUANT)	Evaluation questionnaire
Wells [57]	Chronic illness	Online PHRv	Health delivery organizations	Health care organizations that had had a PHR in place for at least 12 months	N/A	Late	Grounded theory inductive approach (MIXED)	Interviews, Web-based survey
Wilhelmsen [58]	Depression	ICBT, Mood-GYM	General practice	3-day training package for GPsw on ICBT	NPT	Late	Qualitative study (QUAL)	Telephone interviews

^aCOPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

^bN/A: not applicable.

^cMiddle: 4-12 months postimplementation startup.

^dQUAL: qualitative.

^eICBT: internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy.

^fEBP: evidence-based practice.

^gRE-AIM: reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, maintenance framework.

^hEarly: 0-3 months postimplementation startup.

ⁱCFIR: consolidated framework for implementation research.

^jLate: >12 months postimplementation startup.

^kQUANT: quantitative.

^lWSD: Whole Systems Demonstrator.

^mNPT: normalization process theory.

ⁿPTSD: posttraumatic stress disorder.

^oSUD: substance use disorder.

^pVA: Veterans Affairs.

^qPARIHS: promoting action on research implementation in health services.

^rHF: heart failure.

^sPDSA: plan, do, study, act.

^tTDF: theoretical domains framework.

^uTAM: technology acceptance model.

^vPHR: patient health record.

^wGP: general practitioner.