Table 6.

Implementation strategies used and implementation outcomes reported in the included studies.

First author	Implementation strategies		Implementation outcomes									Implementation success
	Categories of implementation strategies used	n	Acceptability	Adoption	Appropriateness	Cost	Feasibility	Fidelity	Penetration	Sustainability	n	Study authors’ evaluation of implementation success in relation to implementation strategies used
Bailey [48]	Engage consumers, change infrastructure, train and educate stakeholders	3	+/– a	+/–	N/Ab	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	2	Successful due to training and follow-up support
Boonstra [49]	Engage consumers, use evaluative and iterative strategies, change infrastructure, adapt and tailor to the context, use financial strategies, support clinicians, train and educate stakeholders	7	+/–	–c	–	N/A	–	N/A	–	N/A	5	Unsuccessful due to limited managerial agency and inconsistencies in some of the choices made during implementation phase
Fortney [50]	Engage consumers, use evaluative and iterative strategies, change infrastructure, adapt and tailor to the context, provide interactive assistance, train and educate stakeholders	7	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	+/–	+ d	2	Variable success across sites
Hadjistav-ropoulos [51]	Engage consumers, use evaluative and iterative strategies, develop stakeholder interrelationship, use financial strategies, support clinicians, provide interactive assistance, train and educate stakeholders	7	+	–	N/A	+/–	–	N/A	–	N/A	5	Successful due to ICBTe program, implementation processes, and external facilitation. Could have been even better if planned in advance, all staff in the health region were informed about ICBT, and more resources were available
Hendy [52]	Use evaluative and iterative strategies, change infrastructure, develop stakeholder interrelationship, support clinicians, train and educate stakeholders	5	N/A	–	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	+/–	–	3	Unsuccessful despite resources deployed
Hendy [59]	Change infrastructure, develop stakeholder interrelationship, use financial strategies, provide interactive assistance	4	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	–	N/A	N/A	N/A	1	Unsuccessful due to lack of trust in individual managers
Horton [53]	Change infrastructure, train and educate stakeholders	2	–	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	1	Unsuccessful despite training and follow-up support
Lindsay [54]	Use evaluative and iterative strategies, change infrastructure, adapt and tailor to the context, develop stakeholder interrelationship, provide interactive assistance, train and educate stakeholders	6	+	N/A	N/A	+	–	–	+	+	6	Successful due to implementation facilitation strategy involving external and internal facilitators, especially clinical champions and training
Taylor [55]	Engage consumers, use evaluative and iterative strategies, change infrastructure, adapt and tailor to the context, develop stakeholder inter-relationship, use financial strategies, support clinicians, train and educate stakeholders	8	N/A	N/A	N/A	+/–	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	1	Mixed: 2 sites discontinued after first cycle because of competing priorities; positive experience of external facilitation by researchers and telehealth champions
Terpstra [56]	Train and educate stakeholders	1	+	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	1	N/A
Wells [57]	Engage consumers, use evaluative and iterative strategies, adapt and tailor to the context, develop stakeholder interrelationship, use financial strategies, support clinicians, train and educate stakeholders	7	+	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	+/–	N/A	2	Successful organizations actively communicated their vision; engaged leaders at all levels; had clear governance, planning, and protocols; set targets; and celebrated achievement. The most effective strategy for patient uptake was through health professional encouragement
Wilhelmsen [58]	Train and educate stakeholders	1	+	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	1	Not successful due to lack of practical training of module follow-ups in the course
Total			8	4	1	3	4	1	6	3

^aMixed/neutral outcomes.

^bNot applicable.

^cNegative outcomes.

^dPositive outcomes.

^eICBT: internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy.